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  1. Research into energy balance and growth has infrequently considered genetic sex, yet there is sexual dimorphism for growth across the animal kingdom. We test the hypothesis that in the chicken, there is a sex ...

    Authors: S. D. Caughey, P. W. Wilson, N. Mukhtar, S. Brocklehurst, A. Reid, R. B. D’Eath, T. Boswell and I. C. Dunn

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2018 9:20

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  2. Differences in cardiovascular diseases are evident in men and women throughout life and are mainly attributed to the presence of sex hormones and chromosomes. Epigenetic mechanisms drive the regulation of the ...

    Authors: Robin J. G. Hartman, Sarah E. Huisman and Hester M. den Ruijter

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2018 9:19

    Content type: Review

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  3. Sex differences in the incidence and prognosis of respiratory diseases have been reported. Studies have shown that women are at increased risk of adverse health outcomes from air pollution than men, but sex-sp...

    Authors: Nathalie Fuentes, Arpan Roy, Vikas Mishra, Noe Cabello and Patricia Silveyra

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2018 9:18

    Content type: Research

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  4. Muscle fatigue induced by repetitive movements contributes to the development of musculoskeletal disorders. Men and women respond differently to muscle fatigue during isometric single-joint efforts, but sex di...

    Authors: Jason Bouffard, Chen Yang, Mickael Begon and Julie Côté

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2018 9:17

    Content type: Research

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  5. Sexual dimorphism in placental size and function has been described. Whether this influences the clinically important umbilical artery (UA) waveform remains controversial, although a few cross-sectional studie...

    Authors: Christian Widnes, Kari Flo, Tom Wilsgaard, Torvid Kiserud and Ganesh Acharya

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2018 9:16

    Content type: Research

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  6. Registry data worldwide indicate an overall female predominance for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) of 2–4 over men. Genetic predisposition accounts for only 1–5% of PAH cases, while autoimmune diseases ...

    Authors: Kyle A. Batton, Christopher O. Austin, Katelyn A. Bruno, Charles D. Burger, Brian P. Shapiro and DeLisa Fairweather

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2018 9:15

    Content type: Review

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  7. Over 100 mammalian G protein-coupled receptors are yet to be matched with endogenous ligands; these so-called orphans are prospective drug targets for the treatment of disease. GPR37L1 is one such orphan, abun...

    Authors: James L. J. Coleman, Margaret A. Mouat, Jianxin Wu, Nikola Jancovski, Jaspreet K. Bassi, Andrea Y. Chan, David T. Humphreys, Nadine Mrad, Ze-Yan Yu, Tony Ngo, Siiri Iismaa, Cristobal G. dos Remedios, Michael P. Feneley, Andrew M. Allen, Robert M. Graham and Nicola J. Smith

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2018 9:14

    Content type: Research

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  8. Sexual parasites offer unique insights into the reproduction of unisexual and sexual populations. Because unisexuality is almost exclusively linked to the female sex, most studies addressed host-parasite dynam...

    Authors: Marie Doležálková-Kaštánková, Nicolas B. M. Pruvost, Jörg Plötner, Heinz-Ulrich Reyer, Karel Janko and Lukáš Choleva

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2018 9:13

    Content type: Research

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  9. Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is the most prevalent form of acquired hearing loss and affects about 40 million US adults. Among the suggested therapeutics tested in rodents, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid...

    Authors: Béatrice Milon, Sunayana Mitra, Yang Song, Zachary Margulies, Ryan Casserly, Virginia Drake, Jessica A. Mong, Didier A. Depireux and Ronna Hertzano

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2018 9:12

    Content type: Research

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  10. Differences in stroke care and health outcomes between men and women are debated. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between patients’ sex and post-stroke health outcomes and received ...

    Authors: Carl Willers, Ingrid Lekander, Elisabeth Ekstrand, Mikael Lilja, Hélène Pessah-Rasmussen, Katharina S. Sunnerhagen and Mia von Euler

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2018 9:11

    Content type: Research

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  11. Sexual dimorphism in DNA methylation levels is a recurrent epigenetic feature in different human cell types and has been implicated in predisposition to disease, such as psychiatric and autoimmune disorders. T...

    Authors: Bianca Ho, Keelin Greenlaw, Abeer Al Tuwaijri, Sanny Moussette, Francisco Martínez, Elisa Giorgio, Alfredo Brusco, Giovanni Battista Ferrero, Natália D. Linhares, Eugênia R. Valadares, Marta Svartman, Vera M. Kalscheuer, Germán Rodríguez Criado, Catherine Laprise, Celia M. T. Greenwood and Anna K. Naumova

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2018 9:10

    Content type: Research

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  12. Incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) differ between sexes, and women experience CVD later than men. Changes in fibrin clot lysability are associated with CVD, and the present study addresse...

    Authors: Ramshanker Ramanathan, Niels Peter R. Sand, Johannes J. Sidelmann, Bjarne L. Nørgaard and Jørgen B. Gram

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2018 9:9

    Content type: Research

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  13. Disorders of sex development (DSD) have an estimated frequency of 0.5% of live births encompassing a variety of urogenital anomalies ranging from mild hypospadias to a discrepancy between sex chromosomes and e...

    Authors: Hayk Barseghyan, Aleisha Symon, Mariam Zadikyan, Miguel Almalvez, Eva E. Segura, Ascia Eskin, Matthew S. Bramble, Valerie A. Arboleda, Ruth Baxter, Stanley F. Nelson, Emmanuèle C. Délot, Vincent Harley and Eric Vilain

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2018 9:8

    Content type: Research

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  14. Gut dysbiosis is observed in several neuropsychiatric disorders exhibiting increases in anxiety behavior, and recent work suggests links between gut inflammation and such disorders. One source of this inflamma...

    Authors: Christopher T. Fields, Benoit Chassaing, Alexandra Castillo-Ruiz, Remus Osan, Andrew T. Gewirtz and Geert J. de Vries

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2018 9:7

    Content type: Research

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  15. Disruption of axonal transport plays a pivotal role in diabetic neuropathy. A sex-dimorphism exists in the incidence and symptomatology of diabetic neuropathy; however, no studies so far have addressed sex dif...

    Authors: Marzia Pesaresi, Silvia Giatti, Roberto Spezzano, Simone Romano, Silvia Diviccaro, Tiziana Borsello, Nico Mitro, Donatella Caruso, Luis Miguel Garcia-Segura and Roberto Cosimo Melcangi

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2018 9:6

    Content type: Research

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  16. Unfortunately, after publication of this article [1], two errors were noticed. The names of Linnéa Karlsson Lind and Karin Schenck-Gustafsson were formatted incorrectly, attributing incorrect elements to the G...

    Authors: Linnéa Karlsson Lind, Mia von Euler, Seher Korkmaz and Karin Schenck-Gustafsson

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2018 9:5

    Content type: Correction

    Published on:

    The original article was published in Biology of Sex Differences 2017 8:32

  17. Development of the placenta during the late first trimester is critical to ensure normal growth and development of the fetus. Developmental differences in this window such as sex-specific variation are implica...

    Authors: Tania L. Gonzalez, Tianyanxin Sun, Alexander F. Koeppel, Bora Lee, Erica T. Wang, Charles R. Farber, Stephen S. Rich, Lauren W. Sundheimer, Rae A. Buttle, Yii-Der Ida Chen, Jerome I. Rotter, Stephen D. Turner, John Williams III, Mark O. Goodarzi and Margareta D. Pisarska

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2018 9:4

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  19. Chronic pain conditions are more prevalent in women, but most preclinical studies into mechanisms of pain generation are performed using male animals. Furthermore, whereas group III and IV nociceptive muscle a...

    Authors: Jessica L. Ross, Luis F. Queme, Jordan E. Lamb, Kathryn J. Green and Michael P. Jankowski

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2018 9:2

    Content type: Research

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  20. Helicobacter pylori causes peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer only in a subset of infected persons. Sex differences were shown in results of urea breath test (UBT), a commonly used test for the diagnosis of

    Authors: Ido Eisdorfer, Varda Shalev, Sophy Goren, Gabriel Chodick and Khitam Muhsen

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2018 9:1

    Content type: Research

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  21. Sex and age play a role in the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction (TD), but their interrelationship for manifestation of hyper- and hypothyroidism is still not well understood. Using a murine model, we asked wh...

    Authors: Helena Rakov, Kathrin Engels, Georg Sebastian Hönes, Klaudia Brix, Josef Köhrle, Lars Christian Moeller, Denise Zwanziger and Dagmar Führer

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2017 8:38

    Content type: Research

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  22. Human innate host defense molecules, surfactant protein A1 (SP-A1), and SP-A2 differentially affect the function and proteome of the alveolar macrophage (AM). We hypothesized that SP-A genes differentially reg...

    Authors: George T. Noutsios, Nithyananda Thorenoor, Xuesheng Zhang, David S. Phelps, Todd M. Umstead, Faryal Durrani and Joanna Floros

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2017 8:37

    Content type: Research

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  23. Stress is a recognized risk factor for mood and anxiety disorders that occur more often in women than men. Prefrontal brain regions mediate stress coping, cognitive control, and emotion. Here, we investigate s...

    Authors: Alex G. Lee, Megan Hagenauer, Devin Absher, Kathleen E. Morrison, Tracy L. Bale, Richard M. Myers, Stanley J. Watson, Huda Akil, Alan F. Schatzberg and David M. Lyons

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2017 8:36

    Content type: Research

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  25. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) are autoimmune disorders characterized by autoantibodies, dysregulated B cells, and notably high female-to-male incidence ratios. Genome-...

    Authors: Magdalena Lindén, Jorge I. Ramírez Sepúlveda, Tojo James, Gudny Ella Thorlacius, Susanna Brauner, David Gómez-Cabrero, Tomas Olsson, Ingrid Kockum and Marie Wahren-Herlenius

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2017 8:34

    Content type: Research

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  26. Epidemiologic studies have previously suggested that premenopausal females have reduced incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) when compared to age-matched males, and the incidence and severity of CVD incre...

    Authors: Andrea Iorga, Christine M. Cunningham, Shayan Moazeni, Gregoire Ruffenach, Soban Umar and Mansoureh Eghbali

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2017 8:33

    Content type: Review

    Published on:

  28. Investigating fetal development in mice necessitates the determination of fetal sex. However, whilst the sex of adult and juvenile mice can be readily distinguished from anogenital distance, the sex of fetal a...

    Authors: Simon James Tunster

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2017 8:31

    Content type: Letter to the Editor

    Published on:

  29. 17 Alpha-estradiol (17 α-E2) is a natural, non-feminizing stereoisomer of 17 beta-estradiol (17 β-E2). Whereas much is known about the physiological effects of 17 β-E2, much less is known about 17 α-E2. For ex...

    Authors: Roberta S. Santos, Luciana A. de Fatima, Aaron P. Frank, Everardo M. Carneiro and Deborah J. Clegg

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2017 8:30

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  30. Sex-related differences in human thermal and pain sensitivity are the subject of controversial discussion. The goal of this study in a large number of subjects was to investigate sex differences in thermal and...

    Authors: Beate Averbeck, Lena Seitz, Florian P. Kolb and Dieter F. Kutz

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2017 8:29

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  31. Pre-implantation embryos exhibit sexual dimorphisms in both primates and rodents. To determine whether these differences reflected sex-biased expression patterns, we generated transcriptome profiles for six 40...

    Authors: Rachael J. Werner, Bryant M. Schultz, Jacklyn M. Huhn, Jaroslav Jelinek, Jozef Madzo and Nora Engel

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2017 8:28

    Content type: Research

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  32. Sexual differentiation of the male brain, and specifically the stress circuitry in the hypothalamus, is primarily driven by estrogen exposure during the perinatal period. Surprisingly, this single hormone prom...

    Authors: Christopher P. Morgan and Tracy L. Bale

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2017 8:27

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  33. Women have a higher risk of lethal arrhythmias than men in long QT syndrome type 2 (LQTS2), but the mechanisms remain uncertain due to the limited availability of healthy control human tissue. We have previous...

    Authors: Rita Papp, Glenna C. L. Bett, Agnieszka Lis, Randall L. Rasmusson, István Baczkó, András Varró and Guy Salama

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2017 8:26

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  34. Despite men being less prone to develop autoimmune diseases, male sex has been associated with a more severe disease course in several systemic autoimmune diseases. In the present study, we aimed to investigat...

    Authors: Jorge I. Ramírez Sepúlveda, Marika Kvarnström, Per Eriksson, Thomas Mandl, Katrine Brække Norheim, Svein Joar Johnsen, Daniel Hammenfors, Malin V. Jonsson, Kathrine Skarstein, Johan G. Brun, Lars Rönnblom, Helena Forsblad-d’Elia, Sara Magnusson Bucher, Eva Baecklund, Elke Theander, Roald Omdal…

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2017 8:25

    Content type: Research

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  35. The thermoneutral zone (TNZ) is a species-specific range of ambient temperature (T a), at which mammals can maintain a constant body temperature with the lowest metabolic rate. The TNZ ...

    Authors: Kasiphak Kaikaew, Jacobie Steenbergen, Axel P. N. Themmen, Jenny A. Visser and Aldo Grefhorst

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2017 8:24

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  36. In adults, hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activity shows sexual dimorphism, and this is thought to be a mechanism underlying sex-specific disease incidence. Evidence is scarce on whether these sex d...

    Authors: Jonneke J. Hollanders, Bibian van der Voorn, Joost Rotteveel and Martijn J. J. Finken

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2017 8:23

    Content type: Review

    Published on:

  37. The 2015 National Institutes of Health (NIH) policy that sex be considered as a biological variable (SABV) is now a critical part of the peer-review process for NIH funding as well as publication in several hi...

    Authors: Anne Freeman, Patrick Stanko, Lily N. Berkowitz, Neanta Parnell, Anastasia Zuppe, Tracy L. Bale, Tracy Ziolek and C. Neill Epperson

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2017 8:22

    Content type: Research

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  39. Postpartum depression affects approximately 15% of mothers and represents a form of early life adversity for developing offspring. Postpartum depression can be treated with prescription antidepressants like fl...

    Authors: Aarthi R. Gobinath, Joanna L. Workman, Carmen Chow, Stephanie E. Lieblich and Liisa A. M. Galea

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2017 8:20

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  40. Apoe-deficient (Apoe −/−) mice develop progressive atherosclerotic lesions with age but no severe renal pathology in the absence of additional challenges. We...

    Authors: Ines Marek, Maurizio Canu, Nada Cordasic, Manfred Rauh, Gudrun Volkert, Fabian B. Fahlbusch, Wolfgang Rascher, Karl F. Hilgers, Andrea Hartner and Carlos Menendez-Castro

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2017 8:19

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  43. A more severe disease phenotype has been reported in men compared to women in several rheumatic diseases. However, studies have not conclusively established sex-related clinical features in primary Sjögren’s s...

    Authors: Jorge I. Ramírez Sepúlveda, Marika Kvarnström, Susanna Brauner, Chiara Baldini and Marie Wahren-Herlenius

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2017 8:16

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  44. Science has come a long way with regard to the consideration of sex differences in clinical and preclinical research, but one field remains behind the curve: human statistical genetics. The goal of this commen...

    Authors: Matthew S. Powers, Phillip H. Smith, Sherry A. McKee and Marissa A. Ehringer

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2017 8:15

    Content type: Commentary

    Published on:

  45. The comparison of traits in twins from opposite-sex (OS) and same-sex (SS) dizygotic twin pairs is considered a proxy measure of prenatal hormone exposure. To examine possible prenatal hormonal influences on a...

    Authors: Leonie H. Bogl, Aline Jelenkovic, Eero Vuoksimaa, Linda Ahrenfeldt, Kirsi H. Pietiläinen, Maria A. Stazi, Corrado Fagnani, Cristina D’Ippolito, Yoon-Mi Hur, Hoe-Uk Jeong, Judy L. Silberg, Lindon J. Eaves, Hermine H. Maes, Gombojav Bayasgalan, Danshiitsoodol Narandalai, Tessa L. Cutler…

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2017 8:14

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  46. Cardiovascular disease varies between sexes, suggesting male-female autonomic control differences. Insular gyri help coordinate autonomic regulation and show a sex-dependent response to a sympathetic challenge.

    Authors: Paul M. Macey, Nicholas S. Rieken, Jennifer A. Ogren, Katherine E. Macey, Rajesh Kumar and Ronald M. Harper

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2017 8:13

    Content type: Research

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  47. Optimal function of the abdominal muscles is necessary for several life functions including lifting and carrying tasks. Sex differences in strength and fatigability are established for many limb muscles and ba...

    Authors: Rita E. Deering, Jonathon W. Senefeld, Tatyana Pashibin, Donald A. Neumann and Sandra K. Hunter

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2017 8:12

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  48. Studies investigating the influence of perinatal hormone exposure on sexually differentiated traits would greatly benefit from biomarkers of these early hormone actions. Click-evoked otoacoustic emissions show...

    Authors: Judy van Hemmen, Peggy T. Cohen-Kettenis, Thomas D. Steensma, Dick J. Veltman and Julie Bakker

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2017 8:11

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  49. Cannabis will soon become legalized in Canada, and it is currently unclear how this will impact public health. Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is the most common pharmacological treatment for opioid use ...

    Authors: Laura Zielinski, Meha Bhatt, Nitika Sanger, Carolyn Plater, Andrew Worster, Michael Varenbut, Jeff Daiter, Guillaume Pare, David C. Marsh, Dipika Desai, James MacKillop, Meir Steiner, Stephanie McDermid Vaz, Lehana Thabane and Zainab Samaan

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2017 8:8

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  50. There are differences in the prevalence and severity of diseases between males, females not taking hormonal contraceptives (non-HC females) and females taking hormonal contraceptives (HC females). The aim of t...

    Authors: Sebastian Rauschert, Olaf Uhl, Berthold Koletzko, Trevor A. Mori, Lawrence J. Beilin, Wendy H. Oddy and Christian Hellmuth

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2017 8:10

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

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Biology of Sex Differences

ISSN: 2042-6410

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