Key differences exist between men and women in the determinants and manifestations of cardiovascular and cardiometabolic diseases. Recently, gut microbiome-host relations have been implicated in cardiovascular...
Authors: Alexander C. Razavi, Kaitlin S. Potts, Tanika N. Kelly and Lydia A. Bazzano
While numerous in vivo experiments have sought to explore the effects of sex chromosome composition and sex steroid hormones on cellular proliferation and differentiation within the mammalian brain, far fewer ...
Authors: Matthew S. Bramble, Neerja Vashist and Eric Vilain
Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects about three times more women than men. Due to variable MS courses, multiple therapies are necessary in clinical practice.
Authors: Niklas Frahm, Michael Hecker and Uwe Klaus Zettl
There are sex differences in risk for stroke and small vessel ischemic disease in the brain. Microvesicles (MV) derived from activated cells vary by cell of origin and the stimulus initiating their release. MV...
Authors: Larry W. Hunter, Muthuvel Jayachandran and Virginia M. Miller
Adipocytes and macrophages, the two major constituents of adipose tissue, exhibit sex differences and work in synergy in adipose tissue physiology and pathophysiology, including obesity-linked insulin resistan...
Authors: Yang Xin Zi Xu, Geetika Bassi and Suresh Mishra
African Americans (AA) develop hypertension (HTN) at an earlier age, have a greater frequency and severity of HTN, and greater prevalence of uncontrolled HTN as compared to the white population. Mineralocortic...
Authors: John S. Clemmer, Jessica L. Faulkner, Alex J. Mullen, Kenneth R. Butler and Robert L. Hester
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is among the most common and disabling persistent pain conditions, with increasing prevalence in the developed world, and affects women to a greater degree than men. In the USA, the gr...
Authors: Meghna Nandi, Kristin L. Schreiber, Marc O. Martel, Marise Cornelius, Claudia M. Campbell, Jennifer A. Haythornthwaite, Michael T. Smith Jr., John Wright, Linda S. Aglio, Gary Strichartz and Robert R. Edwards
There has been intense interest in the role of the gut microbiome in human health and a broad range of diseases in recent years. In the context of cardiovascular disease, gut dysbiosis (defined as a change in ...
Authors: Anna L. Beale, David M. Kaye and Francine Z. Marques
Exposure to an adverse environment in early life can have lifelong consequences for risk of cardiovascular disease. Maternal alcohol (ethanol) intake is common and associated with a variety of harmful effects ...
Authors: Sarah L. Walton, Melissa Tjongue, Marianne Tare, Edmund Kwok, Megan Probyn, Helena C. Parkington, John F. Bertram, Karen M. Moritz and Kate M. Denton
Antarctica challenges human explorers by its extreme environment. The effects of these unique conditions on the human physiology need to be understood to best mitigate health problems in Antarctic expedition c...
Authors: C. Strewe, D. Moser, J.-I. Buchheim, H.-C. Gunga, A. Stahn, B. E. Crucian, B. Fiedel, H. Bauer, P. Gössmann-Lang, D. Thieme, E. Kohlberg, A. Choukèr and M. Feuerecker
The obesity-related risk of developing metabolic syndrome is higher in males than in females of reproductive age, likely due to estrogen-mediated reduced adipose tissue inflammation and fibrosis with hypertrop...
Authors: Sujoy Ghosh, Jessica L. Taylor, Tamra M. Mendoza, Thanh Dang, David H. Burk, Yongmei Yu, Gail Kilroy and Z. Elizabeth Floyd
Sex differences in navigation performance have been attributed to sex differences in information processing during navigation. Perspective refers to the viewpoint of the navigator, with previous work suggestin...
Authors: TiAnni Harris, Andrea Scheuringer and Belinda Pletzer
Weight loss by surgery or lifestyle changes is strongly recommended for obese individuals to improve metabolic health, but the underlying impairments that persist from a history of obesity remain unclear. Rece...
Authors: Cameron Griffin, Chelsea R. Hutch, Simin Abrishami, Daria Stelmak, Leila Eter, Ziru Li, Eric Chang, Devyani Agarwal, Brian Zamarron, Mita Varghese, Perla Subbaiah, Ormond A. MacDougald, Darleen A. Sandoval and Kanakadurga Singer
The current nationwide study, for the first time, aimed to assess and compare the trend of pre-hypertension and hypertension among urban and rural adolescents in Iran.
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common postoperative complication experienced by patients aged 65 years and older, and these older adults comprise more than one third of the surgical patients i...
Authors: Katie J. Schenning, Charles F. Murchison, Nora C. Mattek, Jeffrey A. Kaye and Joseph F. Quinn
The male predominance in the incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) suggests the contribution of the X chromosome to the susceptibility of NPC. However, no X-linked susceptibility loci have been examined ...
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating chronic illness that is two times more prevalent in women than in men. The mechanisms associated with the increased female susceptibility to depression remain ...
Authors: Rachel-Karson Thériault and Melissa L. Perreault
The response to overfeeding is sex dependent, and metabolic syndrome is more likely associated to obesity in men or postmenopausal women than in young fertile women. We hypothesized that obesity-induced metabo...
Authors: Marcela González-Granillo, Luisa A. Helguero, Eliana Alves, Amena Archer, Christina Savva, Matteo Pedrelli, Osman Ahmed, Xidan Li, Maria Rosário Domingues, Paolo Parini, Jan-Åke Gustafsson and Marion Korach-André
Orphanin FQ (aka nociceptin; N/OFQ) binds to its nociceptin opioid peptide (NOP) receptor expressed in proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons within the arcuate nucleus (ARC), a critical anorexigenic component of ...
Authors: Jennifer Hernandez, Carolina Fabelo, Lynnea Perez, Clare Moore, Rachel Chang and Edward J. Wagner
Maladaptive remodeling in pressure overload (PO)-induced left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) may lead to heart failure. Major sex differences have been reported in this process. The steroid hormone 17β-estradio...
Authors: Hugo Sanchez-Ruderisch, Ana Maria Queirós, Daniela Fliegner, Claudia Eschen, Georgios Kararigas and Vera Regitz-Zagrosek
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) culminating into heart failure (HF) are major causes of death in men and women. Prevalence and manifestation, however, differ between sexes, since men mainly present with coronar...
Authors: Elise L. Kessler, Mathilde R. Rivaud, Marc A. Vos and Toon A. B. van Veen
The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) contains the highest density of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-producing neurons in the brain. CRF-immunoreactive neurons show a female-biased sexual dimorp...
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the nervous system. Previous studies have shown fluctuations in expression levels of GABA signaling components—glutamic acid decarbo...
Authors: Madhavi Pandya, Thulani H. Palpagama, Clinton Turner, Henry J. Waldvogel, Richard L. Faull and Andrea Kwakowsky
Estrogen is formed by the enzyme aromatase (CYP19A1) and signals via three identified receptors ERα (ESR1), ERß (ESR2), and the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). Understanding the relative contributi...
Authors: Dillion D. Hutson, Rakesh Gurrala, Benard O. Ogola, Margaret A. Zimmerman, Ricardo Mostany, Ryousuke Satou and Sarah H. Lindsey
The Fast-Track Action Committee on (the) Health Science and Technology Response to the Opioid Crisis recently released their draft report for public comment. This report provides the “roadmap” for a coordinate...
Men are at higher risk of developing chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) than women. DNA methylation has been shown to play important roles in a number of cancers. There are differences in the DNA methylation p...
Authors: Shuchun Lin, Yun Liu, Lynn R. Goldin, Chen Lyu, Xiangyin Kong, Yan Zhang, Neil E. Caporaso, Song Xiang and Ying Gao
The pathogenesis of hypertension is distinct between men and women. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potential contributor to sex differences in the pathophysiology of hypertension. ET-1 participates in blood pressure...
Authors: Eman Y. Gohar, Anthony K. Cook, David M. Pollock and Edward W. Inscho
Atherosclerotic lesions are comprised of distinct regions with different proteomic profiles. Men and women develop differences in lesion phenotype, with lesions from women generally being more stable and less ...
Authors: Liam J. Ward, Patrik Olausson, Wei Li and Xi-Ming Yuan
In 2016, the National Institutes of Health mandated that all grant proposals enhance reproducibility through rigor and transparency. In the past few years, physiological outcomes in established animal models o...
Authors: Jane F. Reckelhoff and Barbara T. Alexander
Evidence suggests that epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is closely related to coronary artery stenosis (CAS). However, sexual dimorphism may be present in adipose tissue, and its influence on CAS between men an...
Authors: Mi-Na Kim, Seong-Mi Park, Dong-Hyuk Cho, Hack-Lyoung Kim, Mi-Seung Shin, Myung-A Kim, Kyung-Soon Hong and Wan-Joo Shim
Plasma fibrinogen (FIB) has been demonstrated to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Patients with non-calcified plaque (NCP) or mix plaque (MP) have a higher risk of poor outcomes. However, the assoc...
Authors: Tiewei Li, Fang Wang, Rui Peng, Shengqiang Pei, Zhihui Hou, Bin Lu, Xiangfeng Cong and Xi Chen
Women live about 4 years longer due to lower prevalence of cardiovascular complication with ageing. However, the mechanisms involved in the preservation of heart functionality in women have not been fully eluc...
Authors: Żaneta Piotrowska, Michał Niezgoda, Wojciech Łebkowski, Anna Filipek, Natalia Domian and Irena Kasacka
Chronic stress is a major contributor in the development of metabolic syndrome and associated diseases, such as diabetes. High-fat diet (HFD) and sex are known modifiers of metabolic parameters. Peptide hormon...
Authors: Sreenivasan Paruthiyil, Shin-ichiro Hagiwara, Keshav Kundassery and Aditi Bhargava
Recently, we showed that exogenous treatment with estrogen (E2) rescues pre-existing advanced heart failure (HF) in mice. Since most of the biological actions of E2 are mediated through the classical estrogen ...
Authors: Andrea Iorga, Soban Umar, Gregoire Ruffenach, Laila Aryan, Jingyuan Li, Salil Sharma, Negar Motayagheni, Rangarajan D. Nadadur, Jean C. Bopassa and Mansoureh Eghbali
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses benign steatosis and more severe conditions such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and liver cancer. This chronic liver disease has a poo...
Authors: Zeyneb Kurt, Rio Barrere-Cain, Jonnby LaGuardia, Margarete Mehrabian, Calvin Pan, Simon T Hui, Frode Norheim, Zhiqiang Zhou, Yehudit Hasin, Aldons J Lusis and Xia Yang
Females and males differ significantly in gross anatomy and physiology of the lower urinary tract, and these differences are commonly discussed in the medical and scientific literature. However, less attention...
Authors: Benjamin Abelson, Daniel Sun, Lauren Que, Rebecca A Nebel, Dylan Baker, Patrick Popiel, Cindy L Amundsen, Toby Chai, Clare Close, Michael DiSanto, Matthew O Fraser, Stephanie J Kielb, George Kuchel, Elizabeth R Mueller, Mary H Palmer, Candace Parker-Autry…
Statins are often discontinued in patients with advanced cancer since the net effect of treatment is considered negative. However, guidelines concerning discontinuation of statin treatment are lacking. The aim...
Authors: Helena Bergström, Elsa Brånvall, Maria Helde-Frankling and Linda Björkhem-Bergman
Worldwide tuberculosis (TB) reports show a male bias in morbidity; however, the differences in pathogenesis between men and women with TB, as well as the mechanisms associated with such differences, are poorly...
Authors: Wenling Tan, Adiilah K Soodeen-Lalloo, Yue Chu, Weijie Xu, Fengfang Chen, Jie Zhang, Wei Sha, Jin Huang, Guanghong Yang, Lianhua Qin, Jie Wang, Xiaochen Huang, Jingyun Shi and Yonghong Feng
Since 1984, each year, more women than men die of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and heart failure (HF), yet more men are diagnosed. Because biomarker assessment is often the first diagnostic employed in such pa...
Authors: Kimia Sobhani, Diana K. Nieves Castro, Qin Fu, Roberta A. Gottlieb, Jennifer E. Van Eyk and C. Noel Bairey Merz
Previous studies have shown that women experience greater temporal summation (TS) of pain than men using a repetitive thermal stimulus. These studies, however, did not individualize the thermal stimulus to eac...
Authors: Abdulaziz Awali, Ali M. Alsouhibani and Marie Hoeger Bement
Insulin resistance underlies metabolic syndrome and is associated with excess adiposity and visceral fat accumulation, which is more frequently observed in males than females. However, in young females, the pr...
Authors: Scott Fuller, Yongmei Yu, Tamra Mendoza, David M. Ribnicky, William T. Cefalu and Z. Elizabeth Floyd
Patients with metabolic syndrome, who are characterized by co-existence of insulin resistance, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity, are also prone to develop non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Al...
Authors: Qingming Dong, Michael S. Kuefner, Xiong Deng, Dave Bridges, Edwards A. Park, Marshall B. Elam and Rajendra Raghow
To describe the effectiveness of online learning to augment academic capacity to consider sex and gender in the conduct of basic science, clinical research, and population health studies.
Anthracyclines are very effective chemotherapeutic agents that are widely used to treat pediatric and adult cancer patients. Unfortunately, the clinical utility of anthracyclines is limited by cardiotoxicity. ...
Authors: Becky Meiners, Chetan Shenoy and Beshay N. Zordoky
Recently, we have developed a novel transgenic mouse model by overexpressing prohibitin (PHB) in adipocytes, which developed obesity due to upregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis in adipocytes, hence named “...
Authors: Yang Xin Zi Xu, Sudharsana Rao Ande and Suresh Mishra
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorder resulting from abnormal placentation, which causes factors such as sFlt-1 to be released into the maternal circulation. Though anti-hypertensive drugs ...
Authors: Adrian C. Eddy, Gene L. Bidwell III and Eric M. George
Sex differences in outcomes after small artery occlusion (SAO) stroke have not been well described, particularly in a Chinese population. We aimed to assess sex differences in outcomes and related risk factors...
Authors: Qing Qiao, Yan Hong, Wenjuan Zhao, Guanen Zhou, Qian Liu, Xianjia Ning, Jinghua Wang and Zhongping An
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, and it affects more women than men. Mitochondrial dysfunction (MD) plays a key role in AD, and it is detectable at an early stage of the degenerati...
Authors: C. Silaidos, U. Pilatus, R. Grewal, S. Matura, B. Lienerth, J. Pantel and G. P. Eckert
