Articles
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Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:67
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Sex differences in the medial prefrontal cortical glutamate system
Dysregulation in the prefrontal cortex underlies a variety of psychiatric illnesses, including substance use disorder, depression, and anxiety. Despite the established sex differences in prevalence and present...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:66 -
RAGE displays sex-specific differences in obesity-induced adipose tissue insulin resistance
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) plays an important role in obesity-associated insulin sensitivity. We have also previously reported that RAGE deficiency improved insulin resistance in o...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:65 -
Sex and age differences in the association of fatty liver index-defined non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with cardiometabolic risk factors: a cross-sectional study
Despite the extensive scientific evidence accumulating on the epidemiological risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), evidence exploring sex- and age-related differences remains insufficien...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:64 -
Chromosomal and gonadal sex drive sex differences in lipids and hepatic gene expression in response to hypercholesterolemia and statin treatment
Biological sex impacts susceptibility and presentation of cardiovascular disease, which remains the leading cause of death for both sexes. To reduce cardiovascular disease risk, statin drugs are commonly presc...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:63 -
Why the estrous cycle matters for neuroscience
Ovarian hormone fluctuations over the rodent estrous cycle and the human menstrual cycle are known to significantly impact brain physiology and disease risk, yet this variable is largely ignored in preclinical...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:62 -
Bile acid distributions, sex-specificity, and prognosis in colorectal cancer
Bile acids are known to be genotoxic and contribute to colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the link between CRC tumor bile acids to tumor location, patient sex, microbiome, immune-regulatory cells, and prognosis...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:61 -
Effect of progesterone administration in male and female smokers on nicotine withdrawal and neural response to smoking cues: role of progesterone conversion to allopregnanolone
Progesterone administration has therapeutic effects in tobacco use disorder (TUD), with females benefiting more than males. Conversion of progesterone to the neurosteroid allopregnanolone is hypothesized to pa...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:60 -
Myocytic androgen receptor overexpression does not affect sex differences in adaptation to chronic endurance exercise
Muscle-specific androgen receptor (AR) overexpression (HSAAR transgene) in sedentary male rats results in reduced adiposity, increased mitochondrial enzyme activity, and selective increase in Type 2b myofiber ...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:59 -
Advances in sex disparities for cancer immunotherapy: unveiling the dilemma of Yin and Yang
A wide sex disparity has been demonstrated in cancer incidence, tumor aggressiveness, prognosis, and treatment response of different types of cancer. The sex specificity of cancer appears to be a relevant issu...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:58 -
Postnatal developmental trajectory of sex-biased gene expression in the mouse pituitary gland
The pituitary gland regulates essential physiological processes such as growth, pubertal onset, stress response, metabolism, reproduction, and lactation. While sex biases in these functions and hormone product...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:57 -
miR21 deletion in osteocytes has direct and indirect effects on skeletal muscle in a sex-dimorphic manner in mice
Osteocytic microRNA21 (miR21) removal alters cytokine production and bone mass by modulating osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation and activity. Removing osteocytic miR21 increases osteoclast/osteoblast nu...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:56 -
Sex differences in clinical cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies: a Chinese multicenter study
Research on sex ratios of Lewy body dementia is controversial, established in small samples, and rarely focused on prodromal stage. The objective is to investigate the clinical sex ratios (men/women) and their...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:55 -
Gestational hypoxia in late pregnancy differentially programs subcortical brain maturation in male and female rat offspring
Hypoxia is associated with pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia, placental abruption, and gestational sleep apnea. Hypoxic insults during gestation can impact the brain maturation of cortical and subc...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:54 -
Sex modifies the association between urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio and diabetes among adults in the United States (NHANES 2011–2018)
Studies on the association between urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) and diabetes are limited. We aimed to examine the association between uACR and diabetes among adults in the United States, with par...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:53 -
Associations of habitual glucosamine supplementation with incident gout: a large population based cohort study
The association between habitual glucosamine use and incident gout has not been examined in previous studies. We aimed to evaluate the association of habitual use of glucosamine with the risk of gout in genera...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:52 -
Sex differences in electrophysiological properties and voltage-gated ion channel expression in the paraventricular thalamic nucleus following repeated stress
Habituation to repeated stress refers to a progressive reduction in the stress response following multiple exposures to the same, predictable stressor. We previously demonstrated that the posterior division of...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:51 -
Sex at the interface: the origin and impact of sex differences in the developing human placenta
The fetal placenta is a source of hormones and immune factors that play a vital role in maintaining pregnancy and facilitating fetal growth. Cells in this extraembryonic compartment match the chromosomal sex o...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:50 -
Sex differences in number of X chromosomes and X-chromosome inactivation in females promote greater variability in hearing among males
For more than 150 years, research studies have documented greater variability across males than across females (“greater male variability”—GMV) over a broad range of behavioral and morphological measures. In p...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:49 -
The maternal reduced uteroplacental perfusion model of preeclampsia induces sexually dimorphic metabolic responses in rat offspring
Offspring born to preeclamptic mothers are prone to obesity, diabetes and hypertension in later life, but still, studies investigating the underlying mechanism are limited. Here, we aimed to investigate the im...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:48 -
Sexual dimorphism of leptin and adiposity in children between 0 and 10 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Differences in adolescents and adults by sex in blood levels of leptin and adiposity have been described; however, it is not yet clear if these differences arise from the prepubertal stage in subjects with a n...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:47 -
Association of physical activity with vascular aging in a population with intermediate cardiovascular risk, analysis by sex: MARK study
The aim of this study was to analyze the association of physical activity and its intensity with arterial stiffness and vascular aging and differences by sex in a Spanish population with intermediate cardiovas...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:46 -
Mitochondrial function and oxidative stress in white adipose tissue in a rat model of PCOS: effect of SGLT2 inhibition
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), characterized by androgen excess and ovulatory dysfunction, is associated with a high prevalence of obesity and insulin resistance (IR) in women. We demonstrated that sodium–g...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:45 -
Tendinopathy: sex bias starts from the preclinical development of tendon treatments. A systematic review
Tendinopathies are common overuse disorders that arise both in athletes and the general population. Available tendon treatments are used both for women and men without distinction. However, the existence of a ...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:44 -
Sex differences in the human brain: a roadmap for more careful analysis and interpretation of a biological reality
The presence, magnitude, and significance of sex differences in the human brain are hotly debated topics in the scientific community and popular media. This debate is largely fueled by studies containing stron...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:43 -
Sex differences in contextual pattern separation, neurogenesis, and functional connectivity within the limbic system
Females are more likely to present with anxiety disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared to males, which are associated with disrupted hippocampal integrity. Sex differences in the stru...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:42 -
Female mice exhibit less overall variance, with a higher proportion of structured variance, than males at multiple timescales of continuous body temperature and locomotive activity records
Despite recent work demonstrating that female rodents and humans do not show greater variance in behavior and physiology than males due to ovulatory cycles, many researchers still default to using males in the...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:41 -
Sex-biased and parental allele-specific gene regulation by KDM6A
KDM6A is a demethylase encoded by a gene with female-biased expression due to escape from X inactivation. Its main role is to facilitate gene expression through removal of the repressive H3K27me3 mark, with ev...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:40 -
The effect of nicotine-containing products and fetal sex on placenta-associated circulating midpregnancy biomarkers
In utero exposure to nicotine, largely assessed by smoking, is a risk factor for impaired offspring health, while potential effects of non-combustible nicotine use such as snus (oral moist tobacco), are less w...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:39 -
Correction to: Consideration of sex and gender differences in addiction medication response
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:38 -
Sex-related differences in left ventricular remodeling and outcome after alcohol septal ablation in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: insights from cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging
Alcohol septal ablation (ASA) has been proven to reverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, there are no studies on the effect of sex on LV remodeling after ASA. We...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:37 -
Sex differences in cardiac remodeling post myocardial infarction with acute cigarette smoking
Whether cigarette smoking affects the heart post-myocardial infarction (MI) in a sex-dependent way remains controversial. Using a mouse model, we investigated cardiac remodeling under the influence of acute ci...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:36 -
Fetal sex impacts birth to placental weight ratio and umbilical cord oxygen values with implications for regulatory mechanisms
We determined the effect of fetal sex on birth/placental weight and umbilical vein and artery oxygen values with implications for placental efficiency and regulatory mechanisms underlying fetal–placental growt...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:35 -
Consideration of sex and gender differences in addiction medication response
Substance use continues to contribute to significant morbidity and mortality in the United States, for both women and men, more so than any other preventable health condition. To reduce the public health burde...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:34 -
Sympathetic-mediated blunting of forearm vasodilation is similar between young men and women
The in-vivo regulation of vascular conductance (VC) is a continuous balance between endothelial vasodilation and sympathetic vasoconstriction. Although women may report blunted sympathetic vasoconstriction alo...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:33 -
Menstrual hormone-induced cyclic thumb CMC instability and degeneration in women: a systematic review
Relaxin is a hormone which peaks during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, and a known collagenolytic promoter that has been shown to avidly bind tissues supporting the trapeziometacarpal (TMC) joint in ...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:32 -
Sex-specific differences in zebrafish brains
In this systematic review, we highlight the differences between the male and female zebrafish brains to understand their differentiation and their use in studying sex-specific neurological diseases. Male and f...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:31 -
Sex differences in the human metabolome
The sexual dimorphism represents one of the triggers of the metabolic disparities between the organisms, advising about wild implications in research or diagnostics contexts. Despite the mounting recognition o...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:30 -
Sex and race define the effects of adverse childhood experiences on self-reported BMI and metabolic health biomarkers
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are an independent risk factor for chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, stroke and ischemic heart disease. However, the effect of ACEs considering sex and race are ...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:29 -
Nk3R blockade has sex-divergent effects on memory in mice
Memory consolidation is a process required for the formation of long-term memories. The G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) neurokinin-3-receptor (Nk3R) and its interactions with sex hormones seem important for ...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:28 -
Exclusion of women from COVID-19 studies harms women's health and slows our response to pandemics
Sex and gender inclusion are crucial in bringing COVID-19 to an end and preventing the next pandemic. Despite this, almost all research studies on COVID-19 and clinical trials of vaccines do not include data o...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:27 -
The diagnostic potential of oxidative stress biomarkers for preeclampsia: systematic review and meta-analysis
Preeclampsia is a multifactorial cardiovascular disorder of pregnancy. If left untreated, it can lead to severe maternal and fetal outcomes. Hence, timely diagnosis and management of preeclampsia are extremely...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:26 -
Appetite ratings and ghrelin concentrations in young adults after administration of a balanced meal. Does sex matter?
Sex-based differences in appetite ratings have been observed previously. Ghrelin is the only known orexigenic peptide hormone. Sex differences in postprandial ghrelin responses may underlie different perceptio...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:25 -
Genetic regulation and variation of expression of miRNA and mRNA transcripts in fetal muscle tissue in the context of sex, dam and variable fetal weight
Impaired skeletal muscle growth in utero can result in reduced birth weight and pathogenesis of intrauterine growth restriction. Fetal and placental growth is influenced by many factors including genetic, epig...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:24 -
Considering sex and gender in Epidemiology: a challenge beyond terminology. From conceptual analysis to methodological strategies
Epidemiologists need tools to measure effects of gender, a complex concept originating in the social sciences which is not easily operationalized in the discipline. Our aim is to clarify useful concepts, measures...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:23 -
Visceral adiposity index and sex differences in relation to peripheral artery disease in normal-weight adults with hypertension
Previous studies on the relationship between the visceral adiposity index (VAI) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are limited. Therefore, this study explored the relationship between VAI and PAD in normal-...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:22 -
Sex differences in the association between cardiovascular diseases and dementia subtypes: a prospective analysis of 464,616 UK Biobank participants
Whether the association of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) with dementia differs by sex remains unclear, and the role of socioeconomic, lifestyle, genetic, and medical factors in their association is unknown.
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:21 -
Increased basal insulin sensitivity in late pregnancy in women carrying a male fetus: a cohort study
It has been suggested that fetal sex may be able to modify maternal metabolism and physiology during pregnancy. Recently pregnant women carrying a male fetus were reported to be more insulin sensitive than tho...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:20 -
Sex differences in the aging murine urinary bladder and influence on the tumor immune microenvironment of a carcinogen-induced model of bladder cancer
Sex and age associated differences in the tumor immune microenvironment of non-muscle invasive bladder (NMIBC) cancer and associated clinical outcomes are emerging indicators of treatment outcomes. The inciden...
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:19 -
Sex differences following percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass surgery for acute myocardial infarction
Women have been underrepresented in the literature; the effects of female sex on outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remain unclear.
Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:18