Orphanin FQ (aka nociceptin; N/OFQ) binds to its nociceptin opioid peptide (NOP) receptor expressed in proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons within the arcuate nucleus (ARC), a critical anorexigenic component of ...
Authors: Jennifer Hernandez, Carolina Fabelo, Lynnea Perez, Clare Moore, Rachel Chang and Edward J. Wagner
Maladaptive remodeling in pressure overload (PO)-induced left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) may lead to heart failure. Major sex differences have been reported in this process. The steroid hormone 17β-estradio...
Authors: Hugo Sanchez-Ruderisch, Ana Maria Queirós, Daniela Fliegner, Claudia Eschen, Georgios Kararigas and Vera Regitz-Zagrosek
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) culminating into heart failure (HF) are major causes of death in men and women. Prevalence and manifestation, however, differ between sexes, since men mainly present with coronar...
Authors: Elise L. Kessler, Mathilde R. Rivaud, Marc A. Vos and Toon A. B. van Veen
The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) contains the highest density of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-producing neurons in the brain. CRF-immunoreactive neurons show a female-biased sexual dimorp...
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the nervous system. Previous studies have shown fluctuations in expression levels of GABA signaling components—glutamic acid decarbo...
Authors: Madhavi Pandya, Thulani H. Palpagama, Clinton Turner, Henry J. Waldvogel, Richard L. Faull and Andrea Kwakowsky
Estrogen is formed by the enzyme aromatase (CYP19A1) and signals via three identified receptors ERα (ESR1), ERß (ESR2), and the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). Understanding the relative contributi...
Authors: Dillion D. Hutson, Rakesh Gurrala, Benard O. Ogola, Margaret A. Zimmerman, Ricardo Mostany, Ryousuke Satou and Sarah H. Lindsey
Men are at higher risk of developing chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) than women. DNA methylation has been shown to play important roles in a number of cancers. There are differences in the DNA methylation p...
Authors: Shuchun Lin, Yun Liu, Lynn R. Goldin, Chen Lyu, Xiangyin Kong, Yan Zhang, Neil E. Caporaso, Song Xiang and Ying Gao
The Fast-Track Action Committee on (the) Health Science and Technology Response to the Opioid Crisis recently released their draft report for public comment. This report provides the “roadmap” for a coordinate...
The pathogenesis of hypertension is distinct between men and women. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potential contributor to sex differences in the pathophysiology of hypertension. ET-1 participates in blood pressure...
Authors: Eman Y. Gohar, Anthony K. Cook, David M. Pollock and Edward W. Inscho
Atherosclerotic lesions are comprised of distinct regions with different proteomic profiles. Men and women develop differences in lesion phenotype, with lesions from women generally being more stable and less ...
Authors: Liam J. Ward, Patrik Olausson, Wei Li and Xi-Ming Yuan
In 2016, the National Institutes of Health mandated that all grant proposals enhance reproducibility through rigor and transparency. In the past few years, physiological outcomes in established animal models o...
Authors: Jane F. Reckelhoff and Barbara T. Alexander
Evidence suggests that epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is closely related to coronary artery stenosis (CAS). However, sexual dimorphism may be present in adipose tissue, and its influence on CAS between men an...
Authors: Mi-Na Kim, Seong-Mi Park, Dong-Hyuk Cho, Hack-Lyoung Kim, Mi-Seung Shin, Myung-A Kim, Kyung-Soon Hong and Wan-Joo Shim
Plasma fibrinogen (FIB) has been demonstrated to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Patients with non-calcified plaque (NCP) or mix plaque (MP) have a higher risk of poor outcomes. However, the assoc...
Authors: Tiewei Li, Fang Wang, Rui Peng, Shengqiang Pei, Zhihui Hou, Bin Lu, Xiangfeng Cong and Xi Chen
Women live about 4 years longer due to lower prevalence of cardiovascular complication with ageing. However, the mechanisms involved in the preservation of heart functionality in women have not been fully eluc...
Authors: Żaneta Piotrowska, Michał Niezgoda, Wojciech Łebkowski, Anna Filipek, Natalia Domian and Irena Kasacka
Chronic stress is a major contributor in the development of metabolic syndrome and associated diseases, such as diabetes. High-fat diet (HFD) and sex are known modifiers of metabolic parameters. Peptide hormon...
Authors: Sreenivasan Paruthiyil, Shin-ichiro Hagiwara, Keshav Kundassery and Aditi Bhargava
Recently, we showed that exogenous treatment with estrogen (E2) rescues pre-existing advanced heart failure (HF) in mice. Since most of the biological actions of E2 are mediated through the classical estrogen ...
Authors: Andrea Iorga, Soban Umar, Gregoire Ruffenach, Laila Aryan, Jingyuan Li, Salil Sharma, Negar Motayagheni, Rangarajan D. Nadadur, Jean C. Bopassa and Mansoureh Eghbali
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses benign steatosis and more severe conditions such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and liver cancer. This chronic liver disease has a poo...
Authors: Zeyneb Kurt, Rio Barrere-Cain, Jonnby LaGuardia, Margarete Mehrabian, Calvin Pan, Simon T Hui, Frode Norheim, Zhiqiang Zhou, Yehudit Hasin, Aldons J Lusis and Xia Yang
Females and males differ significantly in gross anatomy and physiology of the lower urinary tract, and these differences are commonly discussed in the medical and scientific literature. However, less attention...
Authors: Benjamin Abelson, Daniel Sun, Lauren Que, Rebecca A Nebel, Dylan Baker, Patrick Popiel, Cindy L Amundsen, Toby Chai, Clare Close, Michael DiSanto, Matthew O Fraser, Stephanie J Kielb, George Kuchel, Elizabeth R Mueller, Mary H Palmer, Candace Parker-Autry…
Statins are often discontinued in patients with advanced cancer since the net effect of treatment is considered negative. However, guidelines concerning discontinuation of statin treatment are lacking. The aim...
Authors: Helena Bergström, Elsa Brånvall, Maria Helde-Frankling and Linda Björkhem-Bergman
Worldwide tuberculosis (TB) reports show a male bias in morbidity; however, the differences in pathogenesis between men and women with TB, as well as the mechanisms associated with such differences, are poorly...
Authors: Wenling Tan, Adiilah K Soodeen-Lalloo, Yue Chu, Weijie Xu, Fengfang Chen, Jie Zhang, Wei Sha, Jin Huang, Guanghong Yang, Lianhua Qin, Jie Wang, Xiaochen Huang, Jingyun Shi and Yonghong Feng
Since 1984, each year, more women than men die of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and heart failure (HF), yet more men are diagnosed. Because biomarker assessment is often the first diagnostic employed in such pa...
Authors: Kimia Sobhani, Diana K. Nieves Castro, Qin Fu, Roberta A. Gottlieb, Jennifer E. Van Eyk and C. Noel Bairey Merz
Previous studies have shown that women experience greater temporal summation (TS) of pain than men using a repetitive thermal stimulus. These studies, however, did not individualize the thermal stimulus to eac...
Authors: Abdulaziz Awali, Ali M. Alsouhibani and Marie Hoeger Bement
Insulin resistance underlies metabolic syndrome and is associated with excess adiposity and visceral fat accumulation, which is more frequently observed in males than females. However, in young females, the pr...
Authors: Scott Fuller, Yongmei Yu, Tamra Mendoza, David M. Ribnicky, William T. Cefalu and Z. Elizabeth Floyd
Patients with metabolic syndrome, who are characterized by co-existence of insulin resistance, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity, are also prone to develop non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Al...
Authors: Qingming Dong, Michael S. Kuefner, Xiong Deng, Dave Bridges, Edwards A. Park, Marshall B. Elam and Rajendra Raghow
Anthracyclines are very effective chemotherapeutic agents that are widely used to treat pediatric and adult cancer patients. Unfortunately, the clinical utility of anthracyclines is limited by cardiotoxicity. ...
Authors: Becky Meiners, Chetan Shenoy and Beshay N. Zordoky
Recently, we have developed a novel transgenic mouse model by overexpressing prohibitin (PHB) in adipocytes, which developed obesity due to upregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis in adipocytes, hence named “...
Authors: Yang Xin Zi Xu, Sudharsana Rao Ande and Suresh Mishra
To describe the effectiveness of online learning to augment academic capacity to consider sex and gender in the conduct of basic science, clinical research, and population health studies.
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorder resulting from abnormal placentation, which causes factors such as sFlt-1 to be released into the maternal circulation. Though anti-hypertensive drugs ...
Authors: Adrian C. Eddy, Gene L. Bidwell III and Eric M. George
Sex differences in outcomes after small artery occlusion (SAO) stroke have not been well described, particularly in a Chinese population. We aimed to assess sex differences in outcomes and related risk factors...
Authors: Qing Qiao, Yan Hong, Wenjuan Zhao, Guanen Zhou, Qian Liu, Xianjia Ning, Jinghua Wang and Zhongping An
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, and it affects more women than men. Mitochondrial dysfunction (MD) plays a key role in AD, and it is detectable at an early stage of the degenerati...
Authors: C. Silaidos, U. Pilatus, R. Grewal, S. Matura, B. Lienerth, J. Pantel and G. P. Eckert
It is well known that women live longer than men. This gap is observed in most human populations and can even reach 10–15 years. In addition, most of the known super centenarians (i.e., humans who lived for > ...
Authors: Gabriel A.B. Marais, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Cristina Vieira, Ingrid Plotton, Damien Sanlaville, François Gueyffier and Jean-Francois Lemaitre
Amphiregulin (AREG) is an epidermal growth factor that is a significant mediator of tissue repair at mucosal sites, including in the lungs during influenza A virus (IAV) infection. Previous research illustrate...
Authors: Meghan S. Vermillion, Rebecca L. Ursin, Denise I. T. Kuok, Landon G. vom Steeg, Nicholas Wohlgemuth, Olivia J. Hall, Ashley L. Fink, Eric Sasse, Andrew Nelson, Roland Ndeh, Sharon McGrath-Morrow, Wayne Mitzner, Michael C. W. Chan, Andrew Pekosz and Sabra L. Klein
Our previous study revealed that adult female rats respond differently to trauma than adult males, recapitulating sex differences in symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) exhibited by women and men...
Authors: Apryl E. Pooley, Rebecca C. Benjamin, Susheela Sreedhar, Andrew L. Eagle, Alfred J. Robison, Michelle S. Mazei-Robison, S. Marc Breedlove and Cynthia L. Jordan
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects men and women differently. Not only are women twice as likely as men to develop PTSD, they experience different symptoms and comorbidities associated with PTSD. Ye...
Authors: Apryl E. Pooley, Rebecca C. Benjamin, Susheela Sreedhar, Andrew L. Eagle, Alfred J. Robison, Michelle S. Mazei-Robison, S. Marc Breedlove and Cynthia L. Jordan
Osseointegration is dependent on the implant surface, surrounding bone quality, and the systemic host environment, which can differ in male and female patients. Titanium (Ti) implants with microstructured surf...
Authors: Michael B. Berger, David J. Cohen, Rene Olivares-Navarrete, Joseph K. Williams, David L. Cochran, Barbara D. Boyan and Zvi Schwartz
While performing a unilateral muscle contraction, electrical muscle activity also arises in the contralateral homologous muscle, muscle group, or limb. When the muscle contraction induces muscle fatigue, femal...
Authors: Aude-Clémence M. Doix, Felix Wachholz, Natalie Marterer, Lorenz Immler, Kathrin Insam and Peter A. Federolf
Body composition differs between men and women, with women having proportionally more fat mass and men more muscle mass. Although men and women are both susceptible to obesity, health consequences differ betwe...
Authors: Melanie Schorr, Laura E. Dichtel, Anu V. Gerweck, Ruben D. Valera, Martin Torriani, Karen K. Miller and Miriam A. Bredella
Sex differences are important epidemiological factors that impact in the frequency and severity of infectious diseases. A clear sexual dimorphism in bacterial infections has been reported in both humans and an...
Authors: Edgar Ricardo Vázquez-Martínez, Elizabeth García-Gómez, Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo and Bertha González-Pedrajo
A dysbiosis in the intestinal microbiome plays a role in the pathogenesis of several immunological diseases. These diseases often show a sex bias, suggesting sex differences in immune responses and in the inte...
Authors: Marlies Elderman, Floor Hugenholtz, Clara Belzer, Mark Boekschoten, Adriaan van Beek, Bart de Haan, Huub Savelkoul, Paul de Vos and Marijke Faas
Doxorubicin (DOX), an anthracycline therapeutic, is widely used to treat a variety of cancer types and known to induce cardiomyopathy in a time and dose-dependent manner. Postmenopausal and hypertensive female...
Authors: Kaytee L. Pokrzywinski, Thomas G. Biel, Elliot T. Rosen, Julia L. Bonanno, Baikuntha Aryal, Francesca Mascia, Delaram Moshkelani, Steven Mog and V. Ashutosh Rao
This study aims to determine if there is sex bias in basic and preclinical research on age-related hearing loss for the 10-year period of 2006–2015, prior to the NIH mandate of including sex as a biological va...
Authors: Dillan F. Villavisanis, Katrina M. Schrode and Amanda M. Lauer
Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit drug. In the general population, its use has been linked to a heightened propensity for suicidal behavior (SB). We hypothesize that this association varies in patient...
Authors: Leen Naji, Tea Rosic, Brittany Dennis, Meha Bhatt, Nitika Sanger, Jackie Hudson, Natalia Mouravska, Lehana Thabane and Zainab Samaan
There is a complex interaction between female and male sex hormones and the risk of epilepsy. Whether prenatal exposure to higher levels of sex hormones affects the development of epilepsy in childhood or late...
Authors: Yanyan Mao, Linda Juel Ahrenfeldt, Kaare Christensen, Chunsen Wu, Jakob Christensen, Jørn Olsen and Yuelian Sun
Research into energy balance and growth has infrequently considered genetic sex, yet there is sexual dimorphism for growth across the animal kingdom. We test the hypothesis that in the chicken, there is a sex ...
Authors: S. D. Caughey, P. W. Wilson, N. Mukhtar, S. Brocklehurst, A. Reid, R. B. D’Eath, T. Boswell and I. C. Dunn
Differences in cardiovascular diseases are evident in men and women throughout life and are mainly attributed to the presence of sex hormones and chromosomes. Epigenetic mechanisms drive the regulation of the ...
Authors: Robin J. G. Hartman, Sarah E. Huisman and Hester M. den Ruijter
Sex differences in the incidence and prognosis of respiratory diseases have been reported. Studies have shown that women are at increased risk of adverse health outcomes from air pollution than men, but sex-sp...
Authors: Nathalie Fuentes, Arpan Roy, Vikas Mishra, Noe Cabello and Patricia Silveyra
Muscle fatigue induced by repetitive movements contributes to the development of musculoskeletal disorders. Men and women respond differently to muscle fatigue during isometric single-joint efforts, but sex di...
Authors: Jason Bouffard, Chen Yang, Mickael Begon and Julie Côté
Registry data worldwide indicate an overall female predominance for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) of 2–4 over men. Genetic predisposition accounts for only 1–5% of PAH cases, while autoimmune diseases ...
Authors: Kyle A. Batton, Christopher O. Austin, Katelyn A. Bruno, Charles D. Burger, Brian P. Shapiro and DeLisa Fairweather
Sexual dimorphism in placental size and function has been described. Whether this influences the clinically important umbilical artery (UA) waveform remains controversial, although a few cross-sectional studie...
Authors: Christian Widnes, Kari Flo, Tom Wilsgaard, Torvid Kiserud and Ganesh Acharya
Over 100 mammalian G protein-coupled receptors are yet to be matched with endogenous ligands; these so-called orphans are prospective drug targets for the treatment of disease. GPR37L1 is one such orphan, abun...
Authors: James L. J. Coleman, Margaret A. Mouat, Jianxin Wu, Nikola Jancovski, Jaspreet K. Bassi, Andrea Y. Chan, David T. Humphreys, Nadine Mrad, Ze-Yan Yu, Tony Ngo, Siiri Iismaa, Cristobal G. dos Remedios, Michael P. Feneley, Andrew M. Allen, Robert M. Graham and Nicola J. Smith
