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  1. Searches for sex and gender-specific publications are complicated by the absence of a specific algorithm within search engines and by the lack of adequate archives to collect the retrieved results. We previous...

    Authors: Sabine Oertelt-Prigione, Björn-Oliver Gohlke, Mathias Dunkel, Robert Preissner and Vera Regitz-Zagrosek

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2014 5:7

    Content type: Database

    Published on:

  3. Large-scale gene dose reductions usually lead to abnormal phenotypes or death. However, male mammals, Drosophila, and Caenorhabditis elegans have only one X chromosome and thus can be considered as monosomic for ...

    Authors: Zhen-Xia Chen, Kseniya Golovnina, Hina Sultana, Satish Kumar and Brian Oliver

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2014 5:5

    Content type: Review

    Published on:

  4. Multiple sclerosis (MS), a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders in the industrialized world. This disease afflicts more than two million peop...

    Authors: Elizabeth J Rahn, Tommaso Iannitti, Renee R Donahue and Bradley K Taylor

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2014 5:4

    Content type: Research

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  7. An increasing body of evidence indicates that left ventricular (LV) remodeling, especially the degree of reactive myocardial hypertrophy after myocardial infarction (MI), differs in males and females. Surprisi...

    Authors: Eduard I Dedkov, Kunal Oak, Lance P Christensen and Robert J Tomanek

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2014 5:1

    Content type: Research

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  8. There is a significant body of evidence to suggest that hormone levels, receptor density and structural differences between males and females can significantly alter renal hemodynamics. We compared the renal h...

    Authors: Hayley Dickinson, Karen M Moritz and Michelle M Kett

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2013 4:21

    Content type: Research

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  9. Studies on major depressive and anxiety disorders suggest dysfunctions in brain corticolimbic circuits, including altered gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and modulatory (serotonin and dopamine) neurotransmissio...

    Authors: Marianne L Seney, Kokomma I Ekong, Ying Ding, George C Tseng and Etienne Sibille

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2013 4:20

    Content type: Research

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  10. A majority of autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), occur predominantly in females. Recent studies have identified specific dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) in both human and murine...

    Authors: Rujuan Dai, Savannah McReynolds, Tanya LeRoith, Bettina Heid, Zhihong Liang and Sattar Ansar Ahmed

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2013 4:19

    Content type: Research

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  11. The male brain is putatively organised early in development by testosterone, with the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the medial preoptic area (SDN) a main exemplifier of this. However, pubescent neurogenesis oc...

    Authors: Walter Wittmann and Ian S McLennan

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2013 4:18

    Content type: Research

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  12. Activating KRAS and BRAF mutations predict unresponsiveness to EGFR-targeting therapies in colorectal cancer (CRC), but their prognostic value needs further validation. In this study, we investigated the impac...

    Authors: Sakarias Wangefjord, Magnus Sundström, Nooreldin Zendehrokh, Kajsa Ericson Lindquist, Björn Nodin, Karin Jirström and Jakob Eberhard

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2013 4:17

    Content type: Research

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  13. This review discusses sex differences in the prognosis of acute or chronic inflammatory diseases. The consequences of severe inflammation vary in relation to sex, depending on illness duration. In the majority...

    Authors: Georges J Casimir, Nicolas Lefèvre, Francis Corazza and Jean Duchateau

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2013 4:16

    Content type: Review

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  14. Klinefelter syndrome (KS), caused by XXY karyotype, is characterized by low testosterone, infertility, cognitive deficits, and increased prevalence of health problems including obesity and diabetes. It has bee...

    Authors: Xuqi Chen, Shayna M Williams-Burris, Rebecca McClusky, Tuck C Ngun, Negar Ghahramani, Hayk Barseghyan, Karen Reue, Eric Vilain and Arthur P Arnold

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2013 4:15

    Content type: Research

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  15. The kidney functions in key physiological processes to filter blood and regulate blood pressure via key molecular transporters and ion channels. Sex-specific differences have been observed in renal disease inc...

    Authors: Joshua C Kwekel, Varsha G Desai, Carrie L Moland, Vikrant Vijay and James C Fuscoe

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2013 4:14

    Content type: Research

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  17. Human and animal studies support the idea that there are sex differences in the development of diabetic renal disease. Our lab and others have determined that in addition to Ang II (through the AT1R), growth horm...

    Authors: Jennifer L Whitney, Christine Maric Bilkan, Kathryn Sandberg, Adam K Myers and Susan E Mulroney

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2013 4:12

    Content type: Research

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  18. Research conducted to date has deepened our understanding of sex and gender differences in the etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes for many conditions that affect both women and men. The Sex and Gende...

    Authors: Alyson J McGregor, Kimberly Templeton, Mary Rojek Kleinman and Marjorie R Jenkins

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2013 4:11

    Content type: Review

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  19. Women and men have diverse responses to many infectious diseases. These differences are amplified following menopause. However, despite extensive information regarding the effects of sex hormones on immune cel...

    Authors: Sumathi Sankaran-Walters, Monica Macal, Irina Grishina, Lauren Nagy, Larissa Goulart, Kathryn Coolidge, Jay Li, Anne Fenton, Theodore Williams, Mary K Miller, Jason Flamm, Thomas Prindiville, Michael George and Satya Dandekar

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2013 4:10

    Content type: Research

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  20. Anecdotal and clinical theories purport that females are more responsive to smoking cues, yet few objective, neurophysiological examinations of these theories have been conducted. The current study examines th...

    Authors: Reagan R Wetherill, Kimberly A Young, Kanchana Jagannathan, Joshua Shin, Charles P O’Brien, Anna Rose Childress and Teresa R Franklin

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2013 4:9

    Content type: Research

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  21. Depression is a common mental disorder that co-occurs in other neurological and somatic diseases. Further, sex differences exist in the prevalence rates of many of these diseases, as well as within non-disease...

    Authors: Christina L Nemeth, Constance S Harrell, Kevin D Beck and Gretchen N Neigh

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2013 4:8

    Content type: Review

    Published on:

  22. Saliva has been advocated as an alternative to serum or plasma for steroid monitoring. Little normative information is available concerning expected concentrations of the major reproductive steroids in saliva ...

    Authors: Elizabeth Hampson, Shauna-Dae Phillips, Claudio N Soares and Meir Steiner

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2013 4:7

    Content type: Research

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  23. Understanding the biology of sex differences is integral to personalized medicine. Cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline are two related conditions, with distinct sex differences in morbidity and clinic...

    Authors: Virginia M Miller, Vesna D Garovic, Kejal Kantarci, Jill N Barnes, Muthuvel Jayachandran, Michelle M Mielke, Michael J Joyner, Lynne T Shuster and Walter A Rocca

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2013 4:6

    Content type: Review

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  24. Sex differences occur in most non-communicable diseases, including metabolic diseases, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, psychiatric and neurological disorders and cancer. In many cases, the susceptibility...

    Authors: Anne Gabory, Tessa J Roseboom, Tom Moore, Lorna G Moore and Claudine Junien

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2013 4:5

    Content type: Review

    Published on:

  26. Young female athletes experience a higher incidence of ligament injuries than their male counterparts, females experience a higher incidence of joint hypermobility syndrome (a risk factor for osteoarthritis de...

    Authors: Barbara D Boyan, David A Hart, Roger M Enoka, Daniel P Nicolella, Eileen Resnick, Karen J Berkley, Kathleen A Sluka, C Kent Kwoh, Laura L Tosi, Mary I O’Connor, Richard D Coutts and Wendy M Kohrt

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2013 4:3

    Content type: Review

    Published on:

  29. Women are approximately twice as likely as men to develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after trauma exposure. Mechanisms underlying this difference are not well understood. Although sleep is recognized...

    Authors: Ihori Kobayashi, Nancy Cowdin and Thomas A Mellman

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2012 3:29

    Content type: Review

    Published on:

  30. The occurrence of knee osteoarthritis (OA) increases with age and is more common in women compared with men, especially after the age of 50 years. Recent work suggests that contact stress in the knee cartilage...

    Authors: Daniel P Nicolella, Mary I O’Connor, Roger M Enoka, Barbara D Boyan, David A Hart, Eileen Resnick, Karen J Berkley, Kathleen A Sluka, C Kent Kwoh, Laura L Tosi, Richard D Coutts, Lorena M Havill and Wendy M Kohrt

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2012 3:28

    Content type: Review

    Published on:

  31. The categorization of individuals as “male” or “female” is based on chromosome complement and gonadal and genital phenotype. This combined genetic-gonadal-genitals sex, here referred to as 3G-sex, is internall...

    Authors: Daphna Joel

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2012 3:27

    Content type: Commentary

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  32. People with osteoarthritis (OA) can have significant pain that interferes with function and quality of life. Women with knee OA have greater pain and greater reductions in function and quality of life than men...

    Authors: Kathleen A Sluka, Karen J Berkley, Mary I O’Connor, Daniel P Nicolella, Roger M Enoka, Barbara D Boyan, David A Hart, Eileen Resnick, C Kent Kwoh, Laura L Tosi, Richard D Coutts and Wendy M Kohrt

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2012 3:26

    Content type: Review

    Published on:

  33. Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) induces myocarditis, an inflammatory heart disease, which affects men more than women. Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling has been shown to determine the severity of CVB3-induced myoca...

    Authors: Brian J Roberts, Julie A Dragon, Mohamad Moussawi and Sally A Huber

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2012 3:25

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  34. Biologic sex and gonadal hormones matter in human aging and diseases of aging such as Alzheimer’s – and the importance of studying their influences relates directly to human health. The goal of this article is...

    Authors: Dena B Dubal, Lauren Broestl and Kurtresha Worden

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2012 3:24

    Content type: Review

    Published on:

  35. It remains unclear whether the increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) associated with obesity differs by gender, distribution of fat, tumour location and clinical (TNM) stage. The primary aim of this study ...

    Authors: Jenny Brändstedt, Sakarias Wangefjord, Björn Nodin, Alexander Gaber, Jonas Manjer and Karin Jirström

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2012 3:23

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  37. Because cerebral cortex has a very large number of testosterone receptors, we examined the possible sex differences in color appearance of monochromatic lights across the visible spectrum. There is a history o...

    Authors: Israel Abramov, James Gordon, Olga Feldman and Alla Chavarga

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2012 3:21

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  38. Cerebral cortex has a very large number of testosterone receptors, which could be a basis for sex differences in sensory functions. For example, audition has clear sex differences, which are related to serum t...

    Authors: Israel Abramov, James Gordon, Olga Feldman and Alla Chavarga

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2012 3:20

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  39. Improvements in neuroimaging technologies, and greater access to their use, have generated a plethora of data regarding male/female differences in the developing brain. Examination of these differences may she...

    Authors: Jay N Giedd, Armin Raznahan, Kathryn L Mills and Rhoshel K Lenroot

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2012 3:19

    Content type: Review

    Published on:

  40. Since American Indians are predisposed to type 2 diabetes (DM2) and associated cardiovascular risk, Cherokee boys and girls (n = 917) were studied to determine whether BMI Z (body mass index Z score) is associ...

    Authors: Piers R Blackett, Sohail Khan, Wenyu Wang, Petar Alaupovic and Elisa T Lee

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2012 3:18

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  41. Recent research has suggested that oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) variants may account for individual differences in social behavior, the effects of stress and parenting styles. Little is known, however, on a puta...

    Authors: Trayana Stankova, Peter Eichhammer, Berthold Langguth and Philipp G Sand

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2012 3:17

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  42. Malignant melanoma is the most deadly form of skin cancer. Female sex is known to have a protective effect on incidence, tumour characteristics, and mortality from melanoma. However, the potentially modifying ...

    Authors: Marie Fridberg, Liv Jonsson, Julia Bergman, Björn Nodin and Karin Jirström

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2012 3:16

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  43. Infectious diseases and inflammation during pregnancy increase the offspring’s risk for behavioral disorders. However, how immune stress affects neural circuitry during development is not well known. We tested...

    Authors: Patrick V Taylor, Alexa H Veenema, Matthew J Paul, Remco Bredewold, Stephanie Isaacs and Geert J de Vries

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2012 3:15

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  45. Women have more body fat than men, but in contrast to the deleterious metabolic consequences of the central obesity typical of men, the pear-shaped body fat distribution of many women is associated with lower ...

    Authors: Kalypso Karastergiou, Steven R Smith, Andrew S Greenberg and Susan K Fried

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2012 3:13

    Content type: Review

    Published on:

  47. Although there appear to be no differences in muscle protein turnover in young and middle aged men and women, we have reported significant differences in the rate of muscle protein synthesis between older adul...

    Authors: Gordon I Smith, Dominic N Reeds, Angela M Hall, Kari T Chambers, Brian N Finck and Bettina Mittendorfer

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2012 3:11

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  48. Low endogenous testosterone levels have been shown to be a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular benefits associated with testosterone replacement therapy are being advoc...

    Authors: Erin K O’Connor, Jan R Ivey and Douglas K Bowles

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2012 3:10

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  49. Early liver development and the transcriptional transitions during hepatogenesis are well characterized. However, gene expression changes during the late postnatal/pre-pubertal to young adulthood period are le...

    Authors: Tara L Conforto and David J Waxman

    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2012 3:9

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

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  • ISSN: 2042-6410 (electronic)

Biology of Sex Differences

ISSN: 2042-6410

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