Fig. 5

Males and females display differences in active membrane properties in the pPVT at baseline and following a single restraint A Schematic showing the aspects of the action potential related to firing threshold, half-width, and afterhyperpolarization potential (AHP). B Action potential firing threshold is depolarized 24 h following a single restraint in male pPVT neurons and more hyperpolarized in females compared to males. C Action potential half-width is increased in male pPVT neurons 24 h following 1, but not 5, restraints. D AHP is increased in female pPVT neurons compared to males regardless of restraint. E Peak action potential amplitude is not affected by sex or restraint in the pPVT. Bars indicate mean ± SEM. Horizontal bars over each sex represent sex differences. For B, horizontal bar within the male group represents post-hoc difference. For C, asterisks above the 1-day restraint male group represent post-hoc differences from all other groups. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.0001. Male no restraint n = 34, male 1-day restraint n = 16, male 5-day restraint n = 20, female no restraint n = 22, female 1-day restraint n = 15, female 5-day restraint n = 16