Long-term follow-up in primary Sjögren’s syndrome reveals differences in clinical presentation between female and male patients

Table 3 Frequency of pSS-associated clinical manifestations and comorbidities in female and male patients with pSS

	Women n = 899% (frequency)	Men n = 68% (frequency)	p value
Classification^a
Articular
Arthritis	20% (169/859)	14% (9/65)	0.25
Pulmonary
Interstitial lung disease	6% (40/619)	17% (8/48)	0.008
Renal
Interstitial nephritis	3% (19/607)	2% (1/48)	1.00
Cutaneous
Dermal vasculitis	11% (91/836)	8% (5/62)	0.49
Lymphadenopathy and lymphoma
Enlarged lymph nodes	8% (69/825)	16% (10/62)	0.04
Lymphoma	4% (32/889)	10% (7/68)	0.007
Muscular
Myositis	0.9% (7/772)	3% (2/61)	0.14
Glandular
Major salivary gland swelling	29% (225/767)	40% (21/53)	0.11
Presence of EGM	34% (304/899)	41% (28/68)	0.22
Number of EGM (mean + SD)	0.44 ± 0.69	0.51 ± 0.74	0.30
Other common comorbidities and clinical manifestations
Hypothyroidism	24% (175/739)	8% (4/51)	0.009
Raynaud’s phenomenon	29% (247/851)	30% (20/66)	0.83

Italicized values indicate statistically significant findings (p < 0.05)
^aAvailable data on the extraglandular manifestations evaluated to estimate the EULAR Sjögren’s Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) are included
EGM extraglandular manifestations

ISSN: 2042-6410