Testosterone modulates cardiac contraction and calcium homeostasis: cellular and molecular mechanisms

Table 5 Effect of gonadectomy on Ca ²⁺ handling by the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Component	Functional change	Duration of GDX (weeks)	Species	Reference
SR Ca2+ release	↔ RyR2 protein	2	Rat	[75]
SR Ca2+ release	^a ↓ RyR-mediated ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ flux	9	Rat	[76]
SR Ca2ccps stores	↔ Calsequestrin protein	10-11	Mouse	[69]
	↔ Calreticulin protein	10-11	Mouse	[69]
	^a↓ SR Ca²⁺ content	9	Rat	[76]
SERCA2a	↔ SERCA2a protein	2	Rat	[75]
		10	Rat	[96]
		10-11	Mouse	[69]
	↔ SERCA activity	10	Rat	[76]
	^a↓ SERCA activity	9	Rat	[96]
PLB	↔ PLB protein	2	Rat	[75]
		10	Rat	[96]
		9	Rat	[76]
		10-11	Mouse	[69]
	^a↓ PLB Thr¹⁷ phosphorylation	10-11	Mouse	[69]
		10	Rat	[96]
	↓ PLB Ser¹⁶ phosphorylation	10-11	Mouse	[69]
	↔ PLB Ser¹⁶ phosphorylation	10	Rat	[96]

^aIndicates that the effect of GDX was reversed by treatment with testosterone in studies by Tsang et al. [76] and Witayavanitkul et al. [96].

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