Fig. 4

Circulating oxidative stress. AOPP concentrations were dependent on CIH, sex, and MT. In female rats, normoxic females had the highest AOPP concentrations, and these were reduced by MT. CIH also reduced AOPP concentrations in vehicle females, but did not affect AOPP concentrations in MT females. AOPP concentrations were higher in females than males. In vehicle males, CIH increased AOPP concentrations, and this effect was blocked by MT. Raw values are shown and error bars denote mean ± S.E.M. Analyzed by 3-way ANOVA with Fisher’s LSD multiple comparisons tests. ANOVA significance indicated by: *p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01; ***p < 0.001; Post-hoc significance indicated by unique letters (p ≤ 0.05). Significant effects observed: CIH (F_{1, 46} = 4.071; p = 0.049; η² = 0.040); Sex (F_{1, 46} = 18.743; p < 0.001; η² = 0.184); MT (F_{1, 46} = 19.286; p < 0.001; η² = 0.190); CIH X Sex (F_{1, 46} = 6.432; p = 0.015; η² = 0.063); CIH X Sex X MT (F_{1, 46} = 6.590; p = 0.014; η² = 0.065). AOPP advanced oxidation protein products, CIH chronic intermittent hypoxia, MT MitoTEMPOL