Fig. 3

Circulating sex steroid hormones. Male rats had higher levels of circulating testosterone than females (A). Female rats had higher levels of progesterone than males (B). Raw values are shown and error bars denote mean ± S.E.M. Analyzed by 3-way ANOVA with Fisher’s LSD multiple comparisons tests. ANOVA significance indicated by: ***p < 0.001; Post-hoc significance indicated by unique letters (p ≤ 0.05). Significant effect observed (A): Sex (F_{1, 41} = 18.173; p < 0.001; η² = 0.280). Significant effect observed (B): Sex (F_{1, 43} = 39.238; p < 0.001; η² = 0.452). CIH chronic intermittent hypoxia, MT MitoTEMPOL