From: Sex differences of post-Covid patients undergoing outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation
 | Female (n = 142) | Male (n = 121) | Overall (n = 263) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Admission | Discharge | Admission | Discharge | Admission | Discharge | |
Sample Characteristics | ||||||
Age *** | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Mean (SD), years | 45.0 (12.4) |  | 50.2 (12.6) |  | 47.3 (12.8) |  |
Covid-19 *** | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Outpatient, Mild | 107 (75.4%) |  | 56 (46.3%) |  | 163 (62.0%) |  |
 Outpatient, Moderate | 15 (10.6%) |  | 14 (11.6%) |  | 29 (11.0%) |  |
 Inpatient | 14 (9.9%) |  | 34 (28.1%) |  | 48 (18.3%) |  |
 Intensive Care | 6 (4.2%) |  | 17 (14.0%) |  | 23 (8.7%) |  |
Time to Outpatient Pulmonary Rehabilitation | Â | Â | Â | |||
 Mean (SD), months | 6.47 (4.32) |  | 5.65 (3.57) |  | 6.07 (3.99) |  |
 Missing | 34 (23.9%) |  | 19 (15.7%) |  | 53 (20.2%) |  |
Body Mass Index | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
 Mean (SD), kg/m2 | 26.4 (5.97) |  | 27.5 (4.81) |  | 26.9 (5.48) |  |
 Overweight | 40 (28.6%) |  | 52 (43.0%) |  | 92 (35.2%) |  |
 Obesity | 31 (22.1%) |  | 21 (17.4%) |  | 52 (19.9%) |  |
Clinician-Rated Outcomes | ||||||
6-Minute Walking Distance *** | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
 Mean (SD), meters | 523.1 (84.3) | 581.5 (95.9) | 583.7 (103.0) | 643.0 (102.0) | 551.2 (98.1) | 610.4 (103.0) |
 Below 80% Predicted | 34 (24.6%) | 12 (10.2%) | 24 (19.8%) | 4 (3.81%) | 58 (22.4%) | 16 (7.17%) |
 Missing | 4 (2.8%) | 24 (16.9%) | 0 | 16 (13.2%) | 4 (1.5%) | 40 (15.2%) |
Maximal Inspiratory Pressure *** | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
 Mean (SD), mBar | 70.7 (23.6) | 96.4 (26.0) | 104.0 (28.6) | 127.0 (28.5) | 86.0 (30.8) | 111.0 (31.3) |
 Below 80% Predicted | 49 (35.3%) | 13 (9.2%) | 9 (7.4%) | 1 (0.8%) | 58 (22.1%) | 14 (5.3%) |
 Missing | 3 (2.1%) | 20 (14.1%) | 1 (0.8%) | 14 (11.6%) | 4 (1.5%) | 34 (12.9%) |
1-Second Forced Expiratory Volume *** | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
 Mean (SD), liters | 2.58 (0.62 | 2.68 (0.59) | 3.36 (0.92) | 3.60 (0.93) | 2.94 (0.86) | 3.11 (0.89) |
 Below 80% Predicted | 52 (38.5%) | 37 (29.4%) | 29 (24.6%) | 14 (12.7%) | 81 (32.0%) | 51 (21.6%) |
 Missing | 7 (4.9%) | 16 (11.3%) | 3 (2.5%) | 11 (9.1%) | 10 (3.8%) | 27 (10.3%) |
DLCO | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Mean (SD), %-predicted | 86.1 (17.4) | 87.9 (20.0) | 83.3 (17.8) | 88.6 (18.0) | 84.8 (17.6) | 88.2 (19.1) |
 Below 80% Predicted | 39 (32.8%) | 34 (30.4%) | 39 (37.9%) | 26 (27.7%) | 78 (35.1%) | 60 (29.1%) |
 Missing | 23 (16.2%) | 30 (21.1%) | 18 (14.9%) | 27 (22.3%) | 41 (15.6%) | 57 (21.7%) |
Patient-Rated Outcomes | ||||||
Post-Covid Functional Status Scale ** | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||
 Mean (SD), points | 2.27 (0.80) | 1.38 (0.94) | 1.97 (0.93) | 1.03 (0.98) | 2.13 (0.87) | 1.22 (0.97) |
 Moderate/Severe (≥ 2) | 115 (85.2%) | 58 (45.0%) | 88 (77.2%) | 37 (33.9%) | 203 (81.5%) | 95 (39.9%) |
 Missing | 7 (4.9%) | 13 (9.2%) | 7 (5.8%) | 12 (9.9%) | 14 (5.3%) | 25 (9.5%) |
Dyspnea (mMRC) ** | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 None | 38 (28.4%) | 67 (53.2%) | 49 (40.8%) | 78 (67.8%) | 87 (34.3%) | 145 (60.2%) |
 I, Exertion | 46 (34.3%) | 48 (38.1%) | 45 (37.5%) | 32 (27.8%) | 91 (35.8%) | 80 (33.2%) |
 II - III, Walking | 50 (37.3%) | 11 (8.73%) | 26 (21.7%) | 5 (4.35%) | 76 (29.9%) | 16 (6.64%) |
 Missing | 8 (5.6%) | 16 (11.3%) | 1 (0.8%) | 6 (5.0%) | 9 (3.4%) | 22 (8.4%) |