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Table 2 Multivariable logistic and linear regression analyses for the association of testosterone measurements with glaucoma (-associated parameters) in men

From: Higher testosterone is associated with open-angle glaucoma in women: a genetic predisposition?

  

Total testosterone

(per nmol/L)

Bioavailable testosterone

(per nmol/L)

Free testosterone

(per ng/dL)

  

OR (95% CI)

P

OR (95% CI)

P

OR (95% CI)

P

OAG

Model 1

0.99 (0.95; 1.03)

0.47

0.92 (0.83; 1.03)

0.16

0.94 (0.86; 1.03)

0.16

 

Model 2

1.00 (0.96; 1.05)

0.93

0.97 (0.86; 1.10)

0.66

0.98 (0.88; 1.08)

0.66

 

Model 3

0.98 (0.94; 1.02)

0.40

0.92 (0.82; 1.03)

0.13

0.93 (0.85; 1.02)

0.13

  

Beta (95% CI)

P

Beta (95% CI)

P

Beta (95% CI)

P

IOP

Model 1

0.02 (− 0.01; 0.04)

0.22

0.03 (− 0.03; 0.09)

0.31

0.03 (− 0.02; 0.08)

0.31

 

Model 2

0.03 (0.00; 0.05)

0.09

0.05 (− 0.02; 0.12)

0.17

0.04 (− 0.02; 0.10)

0.17

 

Model 3

0.02 (− 0.01; 0.04)

0.16

0.04 (− 0.02; 0.10)

0.19

0.03 (− 0.02; 0.08)

0.19

Peripapillary RNFL

Model 1

0.91 (− 0.62; 2.44)

0.24

1.97 (− 1.30; 5.25)

0.24

1.60 (− 1.06; 4.27)

0.24

 

Model 2

1.19 (− 0.48; 2.86)

0.16

2.62 (− 0.97; 6.21)

0.15

2.13 (− 0.79; 5.05)

0.15

 

Model 3

0.94 (− 0.60; 2.48)

0.23

1.94 (− 1.36; 5.23)

0.25

1.58 (− 1.11; 4.26)

0.25

Peripapillary GCL + 

Model 1

0.60 (− 0.25; 1.44)

0.17

1.41 (− 0.40; 3.22)

0.13

1.15 (− 0.32; 2.62)

0.13

 

Model 2

0.77 (− 0.15; 1.69)

0.10

1.86 (− 0.11; 3.82)

0.06

1.51 (− 0.09; 3.11)

0.06

 

Model 3

0.60 (− 0.25; 1.45)

0.17

1.38 (− 0.44; 3.21)

0.14

1.13 (− 0.36; 2.61)

0.14

Macular RNFL

Model 1

1.07 (− 0.31; 2.45)

0.13

2.23 (− 0.68; 5.14)

0.13

1.82 (− 0.55; 4.18)

0.13

 

Model 2

1.83 (0.34; 3.32)

0.02*

3.53 (0.43; 6.63)

0.03*

2.87 (0.35; 5.39)

0.03*

 

Model 3

1.09 (− 0.30; 2.49)

0.13

2.23 (− 0.71; 5.17)

0.14

1.81 (− 0.58; 4.20)

0.14

Macular GCL + 

Model 1

0.46 (− 0.33; 1.25)

0.25

1.00 (− 0.66; 2.66)

0.24

0.81 (− 0.54; 2.17)

0.24

 

Model 2

0.88 (0.15; 1.62)

0.02*

1.71 (0.18; 3.24)

0.03*

1.39 (0.15; 2.63)

0.03*

 

Model 3

0.46 (− 0.34; 1.26)

0.26

0.97 (− 0.71; 2.65)

0.26

0.79 (− 0.58; 2.15)

0.26

  1. Model 1: adjusted for age, body mass index, and follow-up time. Model 2: model 1 additionally adjusted for physical activity, energy intake, and smoking status. Model 3: model 1 additionally adjusted for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and total cholesterol. The analyses for total testosterone were additionally adjusted for sex hormone-binding globulin. * P-value < 0.05. Abbreviations: OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, OAG open-angle glaucoma, IOP intraocular pressure, RNFL retinal nerve fiber layer, GCL +  ganglion cell layer + inner plexiform layer