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Table 3 Estimated adjusted within-group mean change (standard error) from baseline to trial completion in performance on tests of executive functions, functional fitness capacity and physical activity

From: Aerobic exercise improves executive functions in females, but not males, without the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism

 

Usual care plus education group

Aerobic training group

Males

Females

Males

Females

Val/Val

Met

Val/Val

Met

Val/Val

Met

Val/Val

Met

n

8

7

6

6

10

4

14

3

Trail Making Tests B–A, sec*

− 3.14 (20.7)

5.16 (20.7)

46.11 (22.6)

3.94 (22.4)

57.50 (17.4)

− 2.68 (27.4)

− 28.01 (15.0)

− 0.86 (33.2)

Digit Symbol Substitution Test, total score*

0.82 (1.1)

1.63 (1.2)

2.29 (1.4)

− 3.12 (1.3)

1.35 (1.0)

− 0.92 (1.5)

− 1.48 (0.9)

2.02 (1.9)

6-Minute Walk Test, m

− 4.87 (19.0)

− 11.53 (18.5)

− 22.59 (19.9)

28.31 (19.8)

53.39 (16.3)

38.64 (24.5)

6.91 (13.7)

− 0.68 (29.1)

Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly

− 34.54 (22.5)

− 13.76 (22.2)

− 31.55 (27.6)

− 18.37 (27.3)

12.01 (21.1)

− 8.59 (29.9)

10.20 (18.0)

20.43 (34.1)

  1. Change scores are adjusted for baseline Montreal Cognitive Assessment score and baseline score
  2. For all tests of executive functions, a negative change score indicates an improvement over time. For the 6-Minute Walk Test and Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly, a negative change score indicates a decrease in performance over time
  3. *indicates significant sex x BDNF genotype x experimental group effect, p < 0.05