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Table 4 Hazard ratios (HRs) between type2 diabetes (T2DM) with complications and dementia subtypes in all participants*

From: Sex-specific associations between diabetes and dementia: the role of age at onset of disease, insulin use and complications

 

Adjusted HR (95% CI)*

All-cause dementia

Alzheimer's disease

Vascular dementia

T2DM + No complications

2.39 (2.11, 2.70)

2.00 (1.71, 2.36)

3.36 (2.81, 4.02)

T2DM + complications

5.18 (4.38, 6.13)

4.19 (3.36, 5.24)

7.22 (5.71, 9.14)

T2DM + No coma

2.88 (2.58, 3.20)

2.39 (2.08, 2.74)

4.02 (3.44, 4.71)

T2DM + coma

9.03 (4.29, 19.02)

7.47 (2.79, 20.00)

16.50 (6.81, 39.96)

T2DM + ketoacidosis

2.87 (2.58, 3.20)

2.38 (2.07, 2.74)

4.03 (3.44, 4.71)

T2DM + No ketoacidosis

5.81 (3.12, 10.84)

5.16 (2.31, 11.49)

9.09 (4.06, 20.37)

T2DM + No renal

2.81 (2.52, 3.14)

2.37 (2.06, 2.73)

3.94 (3.36, 4.62)

T2DM + renal

7.38 (4.95, 10.98)

4.49 (2.40, 8.40)

10.48 (6.24, 17.61)

T2DM + No ophthalmic

2.64 (2.35, 2.97)

2.19 (1.89, 2.55)

3.74 (3.16, 4.43)

T2DM + ophthalmic

4.70 (3.82, 5.79)

3.88 (2.95, 5.10)

6.42 (4.79, 8.59)

T2DM + No neurological

2.70 (2.41, 3.02)

2.30 (1.99, 2.65)

3.71 (3.15, 4.37)

T2DM + neurological

7.32 (5.56, 9.63)

4.84 (3.22, 7.27)

11.75 (8.30, 16.64)

T2DM + No peripheral circulatory

2.77 (2.48, 3.09)

2.35 (2.04, 2.71)

3.84 (3.27, 4.50)

T2DM + peripheral circulatory

7.89 (5.60, 11.12)

4.60 (2.66, 7.97)

12.74 (8.34, 19.45)

  1. * All HRs were adjusted for age at last follow-up, race/ethnicity, educational years, income level, physical activity level, leisure activities, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, hypertension status and APOE 4 allele status. People with no diabetes at all were used as the reference group in all analyses to make the estimates comparable