Fig. 1

Female RAGE deficiency improved glucose and insulin tolerance. Mice were fed HFD for 16 weeks. A Body weight was measured. n = 6–8 per group; ^*p-values indicating significance of difference are indicated in the respective bar diagrams. B sAT sections were stained by hematoxylin. Representative histological images were obtained from RAGE^−/−-HFD mice. Scale bars: 100 μm. sAT, Subcutaneous adipose tissue. C The area of adipocyte size is presented as graphs. n = 6 per group; *p < 0.05 vs. male RAGE^−/−-HFD-M mice. All group data are shown as mean ± SEM. D, E Glucose tolerance tests (GTT) and Area under the curve (AUC) in each group. n = 6–8 per group. *p < 0.05 vs. female RAGE^−/−-HFD-F mice. F, G Insulin tolerance tests (ITT) and AUC in each group. n = 6 per group. *p < 0.05 vs. female WT-HFD-F mice; ^#p < 0.05 vs. female RAGE^−/−-HFD-F mice. *p-values indicating significance of difference are indicated in the respective bar diagrams