Fig. 3

Effect size ranges for sex differences in neuroanatomy and psychological measures. Density plot of absolute sex effects (either Cohen’s d or standardized betas) on neuroanatomical and psychological variables. Neuroanatomical sex effects are depicted for 620 neuroanatomical volumes, surface areas, and thicknesses from Williams and colleagues (measured in [2], depicted in [3]). Psychological sex effects were derived from 106 meta-analyses (collated in [137]) across multiple domains, including cognitive (N = 30), personality/social (N = 65), and well-being (N = 11)