Fig. 5

Effect of myocardial infarction (MI) and cigarette smoke (CS) on left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) mass in males and females. A Smoke exposure did not have a significant effect on LV mass of both sexes post-MI. In female groups, LV mass significantly increased post-MI regardless of smoke exposure. However, in male groups, only CS-exposed MI mice showed significantly increased LV mass. B Although smoking male mice had a greater RV mass on average post-MI, none of the four groups showed significant RV mass increase. N = 7 (CF), 7 (CM), 8 (MIF), 6 (MIM), 8 (SMIF), and 6 (SMIM). CM/CF control male/female, MI myocardial infarction, MIF MI female group, MIM MI male group, SMIF smoking MI female group, SMIM smoking MI male group. p ≤ 0.05 (*); ANOVA