Fig. 2

Effects of myocardial infarction (MI) and cigarette smoke (CS) on left ventricular volumes in males and females. Following MI surgery, both sexes displayed progressive LV dilatation through 7 days. A Left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) of the CS-exposed and CS-naïve groups were compared at the day before surgery (BL/2 W), day 1, and day 7 post-MI. While LVEDV in both female groups was comparable at all timepoints, CS-exposed MI male group differed significantly from CS-naive MI male group at day 7. B Left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) of the CS-exposed and CS-naive groups were compared at the day before surgery (day − 1), day 1, and day 7 post-MI. While LVESV in both female groups was comparable at all timepoints of assessment, CS-exposed MI male group differed significantly from CS-naïve MI males at day 7. N = 8 (MIF), 6 (MIM), 8 (SMIF), and 6 (SMIM). MI: myocardial Infarction; MIF: MI females group; MIM: MI male group; SMIF: smoking MI females group; SMIM: smoking MI males group; D-1: baseline the day before LAD ligation for MI group or the day before LAD ligation but after 2 weeks of CS exposure for smoking MI group; D1: day 1 after MI; D7: day 7 after MI, LV: left ventricular. p ≤ 0.05 (*), p ≤ 0.01 (**), and p ≤ 0.001 (***); ANOVA