Fig. 4

Sex differences in circulating immune cells in Cohort 2 patients at different days of hospitalization days. A–C Flow cytometric gating strategy for neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes in COVID-19 patient peripheral blood. Neutrophils were gated as CD11b⁺DEspR⁺ (A), monocytes as CD11b⁺CD45⁺CD14⁺CD24⁻ (B), T cells as CD45⁺CD3⁺ and B cells as CD45⁺CD19⁺ (C). D Percentage of CD11b⁺DEspR⁺ neutrophils in total live leukocytes. E Percentage of CD11b⁺CD45⁺CD14⁺CD24⁻ monocytes in total non-granulocytes. F Percentage of CD45⁺CD19⁺ B cells in total lymphocytes. G Percentage of CD45⁺CD3⁺ T cells in total lymphocytes. N = 7–26 independent experiments assayed in duplicates. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01; two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s post hoc correction