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Table 1 General characteristics, resting cardiac structure and function

From: Sex and age interaction in fundamental circulatory volumetric variables at peak working capacity

 

Young

Older

P for age comparison

P for sex

P for sex

n

14

14

 

29

28

   

Age (year)

33.1 ± 6.0

28.5 ± 6.9

0.070

64.9 ± 7.3a

64.9 ± 6.4a

0.998

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

MVPA (h)

6.0 ± 3.3

8.5 ± 5.2

0.140

5.9 ± 2.7

6.2 ± 3.1

0.753

0.982

0.149

Height (cm)

169.0 ± 3.8

179.4 ± 9.9*

0.001

162.8 ± 7.9a

177.3 ± 5.6*

 < 0.001

0.008

0.378

Weight (kg)

65.0 ± 5.9

78.7 ± 15.9*

0.006

60.4 ± 9.5

80.3 ± 9.3*

 < 0.001

0.103

0.683

BMI (kg m−2)

22.8 ± 2.1

24.3 ± 3.6

0.170

22.7 ± 2.7

25.6 ± 2.8*

 < 0.001

0.941

0.236

BSA (m2)

1.74 ± 0.08

1.97 ± 0.22*

0.001

1.64 ± 0.15a

1.98 ± 0.12*

 < 0.001

0.025

0.968

SBP (mm Hg)

130.9 ± 16.2

132.8 ± 19.3

0.783

138.8 ± 32.2

147.2 ± 18.2a

0.233

0.393

0.023

DBP (mm Hg)

73.6 ± 20.6

73.8 ± 12.5

0.974

76.9 ± 18.5

78.4 ± 12.7

0.729

0.599

0.277

MBP (mm Hg)

88.0 ± 11.5

88.6 ± 18.0

0.918

96.2 ± 21.1

101.0 ± 12.9a

0.302

0.184

0.014

HR (bpm)

62.1 ± 9.2

59.4 ± 8.5

0.426

56.8 ± 7.2a

55.1 ± 5.9

0.342

0.044

0.061

Resting echocardiography

 RA (mL m−2)

21.00 ± 9.51

20.09 ± 5.52

0.761

17.94 ± 6.20

20.27 ± 6.78

0.180

0.211

0.932

 RV EDA (cm2 m−2)

11.98 ± 2.42

11.53 ± 1.85

0.588

10.42 ± 2.04a

11.04 ± 2.30

0.284

0.032

0.491

 RV ESA (cm2 m−2)

5.71 ± 1.21

4.90 ± 0.97

0.060

4.77 ± 1.71

5.22 ± 2.16

0.395

0.073

0.607

 LA (mL m−2)

20.70 ± 8.40

21.55 ± 6.31

0.763

23.87 ± 10.57

22.41 ± 9.76

0.589

0.331

0.768

 LVEDV (mL m−2)

45.48 ± 10.50

59.34 ± 14.22*

0.007

46.81 ± 9.06

50.06 ± 12.74a

0.270

0.671

0.038

 LVESV (mL m−2)

12.38 ± 3.52

18.50 ± 6.89*

0.006

13.60 ± 5.36

15.29 ± 6.96

0.310

0.443

0.164

 LVEF (%)

72.2 ± 7.9

69.1 ± 5.2

0.222

71.6 ± 7.7

70.4 ± 7.5

0.567

0.793

0.554

 SV (mL m−2)

33.10 ± 9.67

40.62 ± 8.61*

0.039

33.21 ± 5.88

34.78 ± 7.57a

0.385

0.964

0.030

 Q (L min−1 m−2)

2.02 ± 0.51

2.41 ± 0.60

0.075

1.99 ± 0.72

1.91 ± 0.44a

0.630

0.897

0.004

Diastolic function

 Tricuspid annular e' (cm s−1)

14.18 ± 4.29

12.10 ± 2.66

0.162

10.71 ± 1.81

9.11 ± 1.74

0.005

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 Tricuspid annular a' (cm s−1)

9.41 ± 2.06

9.00 ± 2.14

0.633

14.08 ± 2.51

12.49 ± 2.69

0.046

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 Tricuspid annular S' (cm s−1)

13.13 ± 2.57

12.81 ± 1.30

0.715

11.04 ± 1.51

11.07 ± 2.04

0.952

0.015

0.017

 Mitral inflow E (cm s−1)

79.24 ± 12.69

74.83 ± 9.17

0.301

62.23 ± 12.04

54.90 ± 10.28

0.019

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 Mitral inflow A (cm s−1)

52.54 ± 10.74

45.29 ± 8.58

0.059

65.68 ± 12.11

60.20 ± 9.02

0.065

0.001

 < 0.001

 E/A ratio

1.55 ± 0.30

1.69 ± 0.30

0.213

0.957 ± 0.142

0.923 ± 0.183

0.451

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 Mitral annular e' (cm s−1)

14.59 ± 2.52

14.17 ± 2.91

0.683

9.90 ± 2.20

9.02 ± 1.82

0.120

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 Mitral annular a' (cm s−1)

8.44 ± 1.26

7.95 ± 1.65

0.393

11.52 ± 2.37

11.44 ± 1.95

0.886

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 E/e' ratio

5.59 ± 1.31

5.44 ± 1.09

0.752

6.53 ± 1.77

6.23 ± 1.38

0.496

0.083

0.073

 IVRT (s)

0.120 ± 0.173

0.108 ± 0.159

0.859

0.074 ± 0.012

0.079 ± 0.015

0.204

0.402

0.513

 IVCT (s)

0.053 ± 0.008

0.059 ± 0.010

0.120

0.065 ± 0.011

0.061 ± 0.011

0.229

0.001

0.533

  1. Significant P values (< 0.05) are highlighted in bold
  2. Data are expressed as mean ± SD
  3. BMI, body mass index; BSA, body surface area; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; IVCT, isovolumic contraction time; IVRT, isovolumic relaxation time; LA, left atria; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MBP, mean blood pressure; MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; Q, cardiac output; RA, right atria; RV EDA, right ventricular end-diastolic area; RV ESA, right ventricular end-systolic area; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SV, stroke volume
  4. *P < 0.05 compared with age-matched women
  5. aP < 0.05 compared with sex-matched young individuals
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Biology of Sex Differences

ISSN: 2042-6410

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