Table 1 Baseline characteristics of male and female participants^a

N

n = 2510

n=1242

n = 1268

Age, years

70.8 ± 8.1

71.4 ± 8.1

70.1 ± 8.0

< 0.001

BMI, kg/m²

26.2 ± 4.1

25.3 ± 3.6

27.0 ± 4.4

< 0.001

Current smoking, n (%)

551 (22.0)

547 (44.0)

4 (0.3)

< 0.001

Current alcohol drinking, n (%)

612 (24.4)

599 (48.2)

13 (1.0)

< 0.001

Baseline SBP, mmHg

153.3 ± 23.1

150.8 ± 22.3

155.7 ± 23.6

< 0.001

Baseline DBP, mmHg

85.3 ± 12.3

86.2 ± 12.5

84.3 ± 12.0

< 0.001

Self-reported hypertension, n (%)

1312 (52.3)

553 (44.5)

759 (59.9)

< 0.001

Self-reported diabetes, n (%)

424 (16.9)

161 (13.0)

263 (20.7)

< 0.001

Self-reported hyperlipidemia, n (%)

264 (10.5)

108 (8.7)

156 (12.3)

0.003

Self-reported atrial fibrillation, n (%)

46 (1.8)

26 (2.1)

20 (1.6)

0.335

Hypertension, n (%)^b

2016 (80.3)

940 (75.7)

1076 (84.9)

< 0.001

Labor intensity, n (%)

< 0.001

 Mild

1885 (75.1)

887 (71.4)

998 (78.7)

 Moderate

488 (19.4)

280 (22.5)

208 (16.4)

 Severe

137 (5.5)

75 (6.0)

62 (4.9)

 Anti-platelet drugs

83 (3.3)

47 (3.8)

36 (2.8)

0.186

 Lipid-lowering drugs

44 (1.8)

15 (1.2)

29 (2.3)

0.039

 Glucose-lowering drugs

301 (12.0)

112 (9.0)

189 (14.9)

< 0.001

 Anti-hypertensive drugs

1152 (45.9)

476 (38.3)

676 (53.3)

< 0.001

 TC, mmol/L

5.9 ± 1.2

5.6 ± 1.1

6.1 ± 1.3

< 0.001

 TG, mmol/L

1.4 ± 0.9

1.2 ± 0.7

1.6 ± 0.9

< 0.001

 HDL-C, mmol/L

1.6 ± 0.4

1.6 ± 0.4

1.6 ± 0.4

0.558

 Glucose, mmol/L

6.3 ± 2.3

6.1 ± 2.1

6.4 ± 2.5

< 0.001

 tHcy, μmol/L

13.9 ± 7.2

15.3 ± 8.6

12.5 ± 5.0

< 0.001

 eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m²

92.5 ± 14.4

92.3 ± 15.1

92.7 ± 13.8

0.428

 Vitamin E, μg/mL

14.0 ± 4.0

12.9 ± 3.3

15.2 ± 4.3

< 0.001

 Selenium, ng/mL

87.2 ± 18.6

87.7 ± 18.6

86.8 ± 18.6

0.230