Table 3 Factor loadings for the trimmed CFA models in Samples 1, 2 and 3 and Raykov’s ρ for each factor

Caregiver strain

ρ = 0.92

ρ = 0.92

ρ = 0.91

In the past year, how often did you feel physically exhausted because of your caretaking responsibilities?

5-point scale (Never = 1, 5 = Always)

0.941

0.947

0.933

In the past year, how often did you feel emotionally exhausted because of your caretaking responsibilities?

5-point scale (Never = 1, 5 = Always)

0.953

0.971

0.942

In the past year, how often have your caretaking responsibilities caused you to worry about the future?

5-point scale (Never = 1, 5 = Always)

0.910

0.892

0.905

On average, how many hours per weekday do you spend on taking care of someone in need (caring for children, elders, partners in need, etc.)?

Open-ended numerical estimate (1-24)

0.643

0.620

0.526

Work strain

ρ = 0.87

ρ = 0.86

ρ = 0.91

How often does your job require working fast?

5-point scale (Never = 1, 5 = Always)

0.864

0.850

0.905

How often does your job involve repetitive tasks?

5-point scale (Never = 1, 5 = Always)

0.821

0.789

0.865

How often do you feel emotionally exhausted from your work activities?

5-point scale (Never = 1, 5 = Always)

0.792

0.791

0.872

How often do you feel physically exhausted from your work activities?

5-point scale (Never = 1, 5 = Always)

0.775

0.760

0.825

On average, how many hours per weekday do you spend on the following: Work (paid work, studying, internships, etc.)?

Open-ended numerical estimate (1-24)

0.520

0.492

0.619

Independence

ρ = 0.75

ρ = 0.75

ρ = 0.67

How important is it for you to solve your problems on your own?

5-point scale (Not at all important = 1, Extremely important = 5)

0.793

0.837

0.768

How important is it for you to be independent?

5-point scale (Not at all important = 1, Extremely important = 5)

0.758

0.76

0.656

Risk-taking

ρ = 0.77

ρ = 0.76

ρ = 0.67

In general, how prepared are you to take risks?

5-point scale (Not at all prepared = 1, Completely prepared = 5)

0.837

0.842

0.820

How prepared are you to take risks when making financial decisions?

5-point scale (Not at all prepared = 1, Completely prepared = 5)

0.672

0.679

0.575

How prepared are you to take risks when it comes to recreational activities?

5-point scale (Not at all prepared = 1, Completely prepared = 5)

0.649

0.620

0.501

Emotional intelligence

ρ = 0.65

ρ = 0.65

ρ = 0.65

How often do friends talk to you about their problems?

5-point scale (Never = 1, Always = 5)

0.513

0.526

0.521

How often do you talk to your friends about your problems?

5-point scale (Never = 1, Always = 5)

0.745

0.760

0.775

How easy is it for you to express what you are feeling to others?

5-point scale (Not at all easy = 1, Extremely easy = 5)

0.593

0.566

0.541

Social support

ρ = 0.71

ρ = 0.77

ρ = 0.74

In the past year, how often did you have someone to show you love and affection?

5-point scale (Never = 1, 5 = Always)

0.896

0.973

0.909

In the past year, how often did you have someone to help you with daily chores?

5-point scale (Never = 1, 5 = Always)

0.610

0.582

0.607

Discrimination

ρ = 0.86

ρ = 0.82

ρ = 0.74

Because of your gender, how often have you felt discriminated against?

5-point scale (Never = 1, 5 = Always)

0.850

0.840

0.860

Because of your gender, how often have you felt discriminated against when getting hired?

5-point scale (Never = 1, 5 = Always)

0.707

0.726

0.537

Because of your gender, how often have you felt discriminated against when at school?

5-point scale (Never = 1, 5 = Always)

0.776

0.746

–

Because of your gender, how often have you felt discriminated against when receiving medical care?

5-point scale (Never = 1, 5 = Always)

0.727

0.693

0.608

Because of your gender, how often have you felt discriminated against in public settings?

5-point scale (Never = 1, 5 = Always)

0.846

0.860

0.845

Because of your gender, how often have you felt discriminated against in your family?

5-point scale (Never = 1, 5 = Always)

0.648

0.625

0.577