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Table 2 Results of the one-sample Wilcoxon signed-rank test for signs of fatigue with corresponding effect size r (Pearson’s correlation coefficient)

From: Sex differences in muscle activity and motor variability in response to a non-fatiguing repetitive screwing task

Muscle

Group

Outcome

Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

N

Median (IQR)

Wilcoxon singed-rank test

 

Median (IQR)

Wilcoxon singed-rank test

 

Median (IQR)

Wilcoxon singed-rank test

Pre

Post

W value

p value

r

n

Pre

Post

W value

p value

r

n

Pre

Post

W value

p value

r

Force

Extensor

Men

Force [N]

27

180.17

(57.33)

169.17

(69.00)

190.0

0.981

0.00

27

183.00

(54.00)

178.33

(56.33)

165.0

0.564

− 0.11

27

172.67

(56.50)

175.83

(70.33)

253.5

0.048*

0.38

Women

Force [N]

30

102.25

(35.50)

94.50

(30.75)

180.5

0.285

− 0.20

30

105.75

(27.42)

105.58

(30.88)

186.0

0.339

− 0.17

30

105.75

(23.04)

104.92

(25.58)

265.5

0.497

0.12

Flexor

Men

Force [N]

27

210.50

(100.33)

196.83

(85.00)

136.5

0.207

− 0.24

27

218.67

(100.83)

219.00

(99.17)

184.5

0.914

− 0.02

27

231.83

(116.50)

222.92

(86.21)

189.5

0.722

0.07

Women

Force [N]

30

108.08

(35.71)

111.58

(34.79)

239.0

0.894

0.02

30

124.25

(41.75)

126.42

(40.62)

167.5

0.181

− 0.24

30

127.92

(50.83)

132.83

(45.21)

240.0

0.877

0.03

Electromyography: amplitude and frequency

Extensor

Men

RMS50 [%RVE]

27

49.66

(38.10)

49.37

(38.35)

151.0

0.361

− 0.18

27

49.87

(31.64)

44.78

(31.06)

87.0

0.042*

− 0.39†

27

43.36

(33.20)

46.65

(30.55)

150.0

0.349

− 0.18

MPF [Hz]

27

99.00

(18.50)

98.50

(13.50)

151.0

0.533

− 0.12

27

100.00

(13.00)

100.50

(11.50)

229.5

0.330

0.19

27

98.00

(12.50)

102.00

(14.50)

307.0

0.005*

0.55‡

Women

RMS50 [%RVE]

29

42.68

(17.50)

41.39

(21.15)

166.5

0.270

− 0.20

29

44.19

(24.58)

41.07

(27.67)

136.0

0.127

− 0.28

29

41.50

(27.02)

38.48

(25.35)

190.0

0.552

− 0.11

MPF [Hz]

29

92.00

(15.00)

90.50

(13.50)

122.5

0.431

− 0.15

29

98.00

(16.75)

97.50

(17.50)

186.0

0.698

− 0.07

29

97.50

(14.50)

96.50

(15.50)

157.5

0.449

− 0.14

Flexor

Men

RMS50 [%RVE]

25

20.85

(18.13)

19.07

(16.27)

52.0

0.003*

− 0.59‡

23

18.06

(12.99)

17.14

(17.00)

75.0

0.095

− 0.35†

25

17.27

(12.15)

17.20

(12.26)

146.0

0.657

− 0.09

MPF [Hz]

25

74.50

(26.50)

78.50

(19.00)

200.0

0.153

0.29

23

78.25

(24.00)

77.50

(17.00)

231.5

0.004*

0.59‡

25

73.25

(22.50)

77.00

(31.50)

264.5

0.006*

0.55‡

Women

RMS50 [%RVE]

25

26.01

(21.29)

23.88

(17.20)

35.0

0.001*

− 0.66‡

24

24.21

(22.52)

24.46

(16.24)

114.0

0.304

− 0.21

23

23.53

(15.73)

20.54

(18.13)

58.0

0.015*

− 0.51‡

MPF [Hz]

25

73.00

(16.25)

75.50

(21.00)

262.5

0.007*

0.54‡

24

72.00

(10.50)

74.75

(14.38)

235.5

0.003*

0.61‡

23

73.00

(16.00)

77.50

(14.00)

223.0

0.000*

0.78‡

Biceps

Men

RMS50 [%RVE]

25

35.38

(20.42)

36.47

(18.25)

200.0

0.313

0.20

26

31.13

(14.74)

37.77

(12.25)

286.0

0.005*

0.55‡

25

37.04

(23.39)

35.52

(30.27)

212.0

0.076

0.35†

MPF [Hz]

25

60.00

(17.25)

62.00

(16.75)

148.0

0.484

0.14

26

60.25

(12.50)

63.25

(15.50)

237.5

0.012*

0.49†

25

63.50

(12.88)

63.00

(12.25)

175.0

0.474

0.14

Women

RMS50 [%RVE]

29

42.86

(21.61)

35.40

(23.59)

35.0

0.000*

− 0.73‡

26

39.96

(32.71)

34.99

(22.58)

70.0

0.007*

− 0.53‡

28

37.30

(26.44)

32.48

(24.20)

113.0

0.068

− 0.35†

MPF [Hz]

29

50.00

(8.25)

47.50

(7.38)

106.5

0.028*

− 0.41†

26

49.00

(7.63)

51.00

(7.63)

170.0

0.566

0.11

28

53.25

(9.88)

52.50

(10.75)

256.0

0.226

0.23

  1. *Significant p value, α = 0.05. †Medium effect size, r ≥ 0.3; ‡Large effect size, r ≥ 0.5. n number of subjects in the statistical model; N Newton, IQR interquartile range, RMS50 median or 50th percentile muscle activity, RVE reference voluntary electrical activity, MPF median power frequency, Hz hertz
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Biology of Sex Differences

ISSN: 2042-6410

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