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Table 1 Characteristics (N [%]) of ACCESS and PRISM mother-child pairs included in analyses stratified by fetal sex

From: Fetal sex and maternal postpartum depressive symptoms: findings from two prospective pregnancy cohorts

 

ACCESSa

PRISMb

 

All (N = 346)

Male (N = 188)

Female (N = 158)

p valuec

All (N = 528)

Male (N = 273)

Female (N = 255)

p valuec

Maternal race/ethnicity

   

0.297

   

0.473

 White, non-Hispanic

30 (8.8)

14 (7.8)

16 (10.3)

 

102 (19.5)

56 (20.6)

46 (18.3)

 

 Black/Hispanic-Black

95 (27.9)

59 (31.9)

36 (23.1)

 

200 (38.2)

102 (37.5)

98 (39.0)

 

 Hispanic, non-Black

200 (58.7)

103 (55.7)

97 (62.2)

 

193 (36.9)

96 (35.3)

97 (38.7)

 

 Others

16 (4.7)

9 (3.9)

7 (4.5)

 

28 (5.4)

18 (6.6)

10 (4.0)

 

High school or more

218 (65.1)

128 (69.6)

90 (59.6)

0.057

400 (77.2)

217 (81.0)

183 (73.2)

0.035

Advanced maternal age (> 35 years)

40 (11.6)

23 (12.3)

17 (10.8)

0.672

103 (19.5)

44 (16.1)

59 (23.1)

0.042

Pre-pregnancy BMI > 24 kg/m2

217 (69.8)

116 (69.1)

101 (70.6)

0.762

278 (53.2)

142 (52.6)

136 (53.8)

0.790

Smoking during pregnancy

41 (11.9)

22 (11.7)

19 (12.1)

0.909

64 (12.1)

34 (12.5)

30 (11.8)

0.808

Married/living with partner

210 (61.8)

116 (62.3)

94 (61.0)

0.802

362 (69.4)

186 (69.1)

176 (69.6)

0.917

Nulliparous

146 (43.3)

80 (43.7)

66 (42.9)

0.874

160 (30.5)

90 (33.1)

70 (27.7)

0.178

Preterm

37 (10.8)

22 (11.8)

15 (9.5)

0.486

46 (8.7)

27 (9.9)

19 (7.5)

0.321

Breastfeed > 6 months

154 (63.6)

83 (63.9)

71 (63.4)

0.942

293 (56.7)

151 (56.8)

142 (56.6)

0.965

Perinatal depressionc

   

0.029

   

0.015

 No symptoms

228 (65.9)

122 (64.9)

106 (67.1)

 

390 (73.9)

194 (71.0)

196 (76.9)

 

 Prenatal only

58 (16.8)

34 (18.1)

24 (15.2)

 

71 (13.5)

38 (13.9)

33 (12.9)

 

 Postnatal only

27 (7.8)

20 (10.6)

7 (4.4)

 

24 (4.6)

20 (7.3)

4 (1.6)

 

 Prenatal and postnatal

33 (9.5)

12 (6.4)

21 (13.3)

 

43 (8.1)

21 (7.7)

22 (8.6)

 
  1. Abbreviations: ACCESS Asthma Coalition on Community Environment and Social Stress, BMI body mass index, EPDS Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, PRISM PRogramming of Intergenerational Stress Mechanisms
  2. aACCESS (n missing): race/ethnicity (5), age (2), education (11), BMI (35), smoking (1), relationship status (6), parity (9), and breastfeeding (104)
  3. bPRISM (n missing): race/ethnicity (5), education (10), BMI (5), relationship status (6), parity (3), and breastfeeding (11)
  4. cp values are from chi-square tests of independence
  5. dDefined as an EPDS score > 10
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Biology of Sex Differences

ISSN: 2042-6410

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