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Table 3 Associations with high Gal3BP for all, women and men

From: Female sex, high soluble CD163, and low HDL-cholesterol were associated with high galectin-3 binding protein in type 1 diabetes

Variables High galectin-3BP (≥3.3 mg/l, ≥80th percentile)
All patients Women Men
COR p value AOR p valuea AOR p valueb AOR p valuec
Sex (women) 2.7 (1.5–4.9) 0.001 3.0 (1.5–5.9) 0.001 – – – –
Age 0.99 (0.97–1.02) 0.43 1.02 (0.99–1.05) 0.22 0.98 (0.94–1.02) 0.27 1.03 (0.98–1.08) 0.30
Diabetes duration 0.98 (0.95–1.00) 0.076 0.98 (0.95–1.00) 0.11 – – 0.96 (0.92–1.01) 0.14
sCD163 (mg/l) 5.4 (1.6–18.0) 0.005 6.6 (1.9–23.2) 0.003 4.6 (0.8–26.9) 0.093 11.2 (2.0–64.5)) 0.007
Galectin-3 (μg/l) 1.04 (0.99–1.10) 0.14 – – – – – –
HbA1c mmol/mol 1.03 (1.01–1.05) 0.008 1.02 (1.00–1.04) 0.09 1.03 (1.00–1.06) 0.039 – –
TC (mmol/l) 1.4 (1.0–1.8) 0.022 1.6 (1.1–2.2) 0.007 – – 2.3 (1.3–3.9) 0.003
Triglycerides (mmol/l) 1.5 (1.1–2.1) 0.014 0.9 (0.5–1.5) 0.58 – – 0.7 (0.4–1.5) 0.41
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) 1.5 (1.1–2.2) 0.017 0.6 (0.1–3.5) 0.53 1.1 (0.6–1.8) 0.76 0.4 (0.03–6.6) 0.56
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) 0.45 (0.2–1.0) 0.059 0.2 (0.1–0.7) 0.010 – – 0.2 (0.02–0.9) 0.040
Creatinine 0.99 (0.97–1.01) 0.16 – – – – – –
Abdominal obesity 1.1 (0.5–2.4) 0.77 – – – – – –
General obesity 3.4 (1.6–7.2) 0.002 1.6 (0.7–4.0) 0.29 – – 7.9 (1.9–32.6) 0.004
SBP 0.99 (0.96–1.01) 0.26 – – – – – –
DBP 1.00 (0.96–1.04) 0.83 – – – – – –
Smoking 1.2 (0.5–3.1) 0.74 – – – – – –
Physical inactivity 2.3 (1.0–5.2) 0.053 1.8 (0.7–4.8) 0.22 – – – –
Depression 0.6 (0.2–1.3) 0.19 – – – – – –
CV complications 2.7 (0.7–9.8) 0.14 – – 4.0 (0.3–47.3) 0.26 – –
Diabetes retinopathy 1.0 (0.5–2.0) 0.93 – – – – – –
Foot complications 1.3 (0.6–2.7) 0.54 – – – – – –
AD 1.8 (0.7–4.5) 0.24 – – 2.6 (0.7–9.4) 0.15 – –
AHD 0.9 (0.5–1.7) 0.79 – – – – – –
LLD 1.2 (0.7–2.2) 0.47 – – – – – –
  1. a, b, c Logistic regression analyses (Backward: Wald): variables with p values ≤0.10 for the CORs and age were included in the analyses; N = a 267/b 123/c 160; Nagelkerke R2: a 0.206/ b 0.089/c 0.298; Hosmer-Lemeshow test: a 0.991/b 0.142/c 0.821
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Biology of Sex Differences

ISSN: 2042-6410

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