Sex differences in the metabolic effects of the renin-angiotensin system

Table 3 Regulatory interactions between the RAS and sex hormones

RAS component	Estrogen	Androgen	References
Angiotensinogen
Preclinical	↑	↑	[199,200,201,202]
Clinical	↑	UNK	[203,204,205]
Prorenin
Preclinical	UNK	↑	[206, 207]
Clinical	↓	UNK	[133]
Renin
Preclinical	-	↑	[201, 208, 209]
Clinical, PRC	↓	UNK	[133, 203, 205]
Clinical, PRA	↑	UNK	[204, 210, 211]
ACE
Preclinical	↓	↑	[208, 212, 213]
Clinical	↓	↑	[205, 214, 215]
Angiotensin II
Preclinical	↑, ↓	-	[208, 216, 217]
Clinical	↑	UNK	[204, 205, 211, 214]
AT₁R
Preclinical	↓	↑	[212, 216, 218,219,220,221]
Clinical	UNK	UNK
AT₂R
Preclinical	↑	↓	[219, 222, 223]
Clinical	UNK	UNK
Angiotensin-(1-7)
Preclinical	↑	UNK	[141, 208]
Clinical	↑	UNK	[171]
ACE2
Preclinical	↑	-	[141, 224, 225]
Clinical	UNK	UNK
Mas receptor
Preclinical	UNK	UNK
Clinical	UNK	UNK
Alamandine
Preclinical	UNK	UNK
Clinical	UNK	UNK

ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme, ACE2 angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, AT₁R angiotensin II type 1 receptor, AT₂R angiotensin II type 2 receptor, PRA plasma renin activity, PRC plasma renin concentration, RAS renin-angiotensin system, ↑ increases, ↓ decreases, - neutral effects. UNK information unknown

ISSN: 2042-6410