Fig. 8

VSG increases liver myeloid cells in both sexes. Six-week-old C57Bl/6J males and females were fed HFD for 12 weeks. At that time, animals underwent sham surgery or vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG). Sham animals were either switched to chow or remained on HFD for an additional 8 weeks. At 26 weeks of age, animals were sacrificed and liver stromal vascular fraction (SVF) was isolated and flow cytometry used to quantitate a macrophages, b CD11c⁻ macrophages, c CD11c⁺ macrophages, d dendritic cells (DC), and e neutrophils (Ly6G⁺ cells). f Liver, a H&E demonstrating areas of extramedullary hematopoiesis. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.005, ****p < 0.001, significant differences are shown only between sham chow and VSG chow or sham HFD or VSG HFD. N = 6–9 for VSG chow groups, N = 13–18 for macrophages and DC populations and N = 5–10 for neutrophils