Fig. 1

ERβ-agonist, but not ERα-agonist, significantly improves HF. a Examples of M-mode images of the parasternal short axis view by echocardiography before surgery (CTRL), in heart failure (HF) and 10 days after treatment with an ERα-agonist (PPT, left panels), ERβ-agonist (DPN, center panels), or E2 together with the ERβ-specific antagonist PHTPP (right panels). b Averaged EF as a function of time in PPT (triangles, n = 6), DPN (diamonds, n = 7), and E2+PHTPP (circles, n = 4). ^$P < 0.05 vs. PPT and ^$$P < 0.001 vs. PPT