Fig. 4

Sex differences in the effects of β3-adrenergic receptor activation on lipolysis. a, b Sex differences in the effects of β3-adrenergic receptor activation on glycerol (a) and free fatty acid levels (b) in serum. Mice were treated with CL316,243 up to 5 days, and glycerol and FFA levels in serum were measured. (Mean ± SEM; n = 4, *p < 0.05). c, d Immunoblot analysis of p-HSL, HSL, and ATGL in gWAT of mice treated with CL for 4 h or 3 days and untreated controls. Two-way ANOVA revealed significant main effects of sex in p-HSL (4 h: p = 0.014, 4 h: p = 0.040). Significant differences between male and female were determined by post hoc pairwise comparison with Bonferroni correction (mean ± SEM; n = 4, *p<0.05, **p < 0.01). e qPCR analysis of Adrb3 expression in gWAT of mice treated with CL for 3 days and untreated controls. Two-way ANOVA revealed significant main effects of sex in Adrb3 expression (p < 0.001) and significant interaction of sex and treatment (p < 0.001). Significant differences between male and female were determined by post hoc pairwise comparison with Bonferroni correction (mean ± SEM; n = 4, ***p < 0.001)