Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy stratified by sex

FFAs (mmol/L)

0.40 ± 0.18

0.45 ± 0.22

0.005

Age (years)

45.6 ± 11.9

51.0 ± 13.0

<0.001

BMI (kg/m²)

25.7 ± 3.2

24.6 ± 3.4

0.001

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

119.0 ± 16.0

116.1 ± 18.0

0.088

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

70.0 (68.0–80.0)

70.0 (60.0–80.0)

0.026

Heart rate (beats/min)

70.0 (65.0–80.0)

70.0 (64.0–77.0)

0.073

NYHA functional class III or IV, n (%)

80 (32.9%)

65 (38.5%)

0.251

Chest pain, n (%)

107 (44.0%)

79 (46.7%)

0.615

Palpitation, n (%)

72 (29.6%)

63 (37.3%)

0.110

Family history of HCM, n (%)

36 (14.8%)

20 (11.8%)

0.465

Atrial fibrillation, n (%)

29 (11.9%)

25 (14.8%)

0.458

 Family history of SCD, n (%)

12 (4.9%)

8 (4.7%)

1.000

 Syncope, n (%)

64 (26.3%)

46 (27.2%)

0.910

 Maximum wall thickness ≥30 mm, n (%)

55 (22.6%)

18 (10.7%)

0.002

 Resting LVOTG ≥30 mmHg, n (%)

188 (79.7%)

147 (90.2%)

0.005

 Non-sustained VT^a, n (%)

20 (12.6%)

18 (16.1%)

0.478

 Hypertension, n (%)

70 (28.8%)

59 (34.9%)

0.197

 Hyperlipidemia, n (%)

76 (31.3%)

54 (32.0%)

0.914

 Current smokers, n (%)

138 (56.8%)

5 (3.0%)

<0.001

 Cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.43 ± 0.99

4.63 ± 0.97

0.042

 LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.83 ± 0.86

2.89 ± 0.82

0.502

 HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.06 ± 0.30

1.27 ± 0.33

<0.001

 Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.37 (1.00–1.97)

1.27 (0.95–1.77)

0.067

 NT-pro-BNP (pmol/L)

962 (518–1656)

1605 (956–2664)

<0.001

 β-Blockers, n (%)

182 (74.9%)

124 (73.4%)

0.732

 Non-dihydropyridine CCB, n (%)

31 (12.8%)

32 (18.9%)

0.096

 Dihydropyridine CCB, n (%)

10 (4.1%)

9 (5.3%)

0.364

 ACEI/ARB, n (%)

27 (11.1%)

19 (11.2%)

1.000

 Aspirin, n (%)

42 (17.3%)

32 (18.9%)

0.697

 Statins, n (%)

26 (10.7%)

26 (15.7%)

0.176

 Diuretics, n (%)

6 (2.5%)

16 (9.5%)

0.003

 Trimetazidine, n (%)

10 (4.1%)

4 (2.4%)

0.415