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Table 2 Glycemia and serum hormone and cytokine levels at postnatal days (PND) 10, 21, 30, 50, 85, and 150 in male (M) and female (F) rats raised in litters (L) 4 or 12 pups

From: Age and sex dependent effects of early overnutrition on metabolic parameters and the role of neonatal androgens

 

Glucose (mg/dl)

Insulin (ng/ml)

HOMA

Leptin (ng/ml)

Adiponectin (ng/ml)

Il1β (pg/ml)

IL6 (pg/ml)

TNFα (pg/ml)

ML12PND10d

114.4 ± 4.1

0.44 ± 0.07

3.2 ± 0.5

1.25 ± 0.21

21.5 ± 2.8

14.9 ± 3.1

126.1 ± 38.5

5.1 ± 0.3

ML4PND10d

130.9 ± 5.9a

0.92 ± 0.10a

7.7 ± 1.2a

2.61 ± 0.32a

40.0 ± 2.3a

5.1 ± 1.2

89.2 ± 44.6

3.4 ± 0.7a

FL12PND10d

121.6 ± 5.1

0.34 ± 0.02

2.4 ± 0.2

1.24 ± 0.16

17.5 ± 2.3

15.0 ± 4.1

16.4 ± 12.2

4.0 ± 0.6

FL4PND10d

135.8 ± 4.5a

0.60 ± 0.06 a, b

4.8 ± 0.5 a, b

2.40 ± 0.32a

41.9 ± 1.5a

7.9 ± 2.0

40.9 ± 29.7

1.3 ± 0.4a, b

ML12PND21d

103.6 ± 5.3

0.32 ± 0.05

2.1 ± 0.4

1.12 ± 0.18

27.6 ± 1.8

19.6 ± 6.8

56.5 ± 44.6

4.6 ± 1.0

ML4PND21d

131.7 ± 5.5 a

0.69 ± 0.24

5.4 ± 1.9a

1.80 ± 0.21a

31.9 ± 1.6

46.9 ± 11.3

85.6 ± 39.7

2.5 ± 1.2

FL12PND21d

109.3 ± 2.9

0.22 ± 0.04

1.5 ± 0.3

0.99 ± 0.22

30.3 ± 1.7

28.0 ± 9.4

60.4 ± 34.3

2.5 ± 0.8

FL4PND21d

125.6 ± 3.1 a

0.80 ± 0.16

6.0 ± 1.3a

1.91 ± 0.48a

43.9 ± 3.2 a, b

22.8 ± 3.7

112.1 ± 69.8

1.9 ± 0.6

ML12PND30

68.2 ± 2.9c

0.19 ± 0.03

0.8 ± 0.1c

0.43 ± 0.12

62.1 ± 6.0c

32.1 ± 8.0

76.2 ± 47.4

1.6 ± 0.4

ML4PND30

76.9 ± 4.7 c

0.23 ± 0.05

1.1 ± 0.2c

0.97 ± 0.44

58.4 ± 6.3c

61.3 ± 41.4

18.4 ± 14.4

2.0 ± 0.9

FL12PND30

72.7 ± 4.8 c

0.13 ± 0.01

0.6 ± 0.1c

0.71 ± 0.32

42.6 ± 3.0b

67.5 ± 29.0

86.5 ± 35.0

4.1 ± 1.3

FL4PND30

75.8 ± 4.0 c

0.57 ± 0.37

2.6 ± 1.8c

1.04 ± 0.54

54.2 ± 5.7

29.2 ± 13.6

78.3 ± 23.8

2.1 ± 0.7

ML12PND50

65.7 ± 3.3

0.89 ± 0.44

3.5 ± 1.8

0.96 ± 0.32

55.2 ± 4.2

10.6 ± 2.3

18.1 ± 17.5

BLD

ML4PND50

63.8 ± 3.8

0.73 ± 0.36

3.1 ± 1.7

0.69 ± 0.29

76.2 ± 5.9 a

20.9 ± 3.9

0.62

BLD

FL12PND50

63.8 ± 2.4

0.71 ± 0.31

2.6 ± 1.1

0.77 ± 0.29

62.2 ± 10.1

19.3 ± 8.9

17.7 ± 12.7

BLD

FL4PND50

69.7 ± 3.4

0.37 ± 0.07

1.6 ± 0.3

0.69 ± 0.31

60.9 ± 9.7

7.3 ± 2.4

22.1 ± 11.4

BLD

ML12PND85

68.8 ± 3.7

0.70 ± 0.18

3.1 ± 0.9

1.65 ± 0.20

71.6 ± 14.0

15.6 ± 5.5

5.6 ± 5.0

BLD

ML4PND85

61.0 ± 2.4

0.94 ± 0.37

3.5 ± 1.3

1.42 ± 0.21

78.0 ± 19.1

15.7 ± 6.6

13.5 ± 12.9

BLD

FL12PND85

73.3 ± 3.4

0.15 ± 0.03

0.7 ± 0.2

1.22 ± 0.44

108.2 ± 9.1 b

6.1 ± 2.1

4.6 ± 3.9

BLD

FL4PND85

66.3 ± 2.9

0.60 ± 0.22

2.2 ± 0.9

1.04 ± 0.18

105.2 ± 2.5 b

6.7 ± 2.1

BLD

BLD

ML12PND150

85.7 ± 4.0c

3.46 ± 0.99c

13.5 ± 4.4c

3.89 ± 0.82c

87.0 ± 9.0

23.4 ± 9.6

14.5 ± 6.2

BLD

ML4PND150

78.4 ± 4.0c

2.82 ± 0.25c

12.1 ± 1.1 c

3.60 ± 0.88c

108.8 ± 7.3

35.3 ± 20.0

15.5 ± 3.6

BLD

FL12PND150

81.3 ± 8.7

1.03 ± 0.35c

3.8 ± 1.4b, c

2.32 ± 0.20b, c

106.1 ± 7.7

29.3 ± 26.4

16.4 ± 3.7

BLD

FL4PND150

84.9 ± 6.3c

1.55 ± 0.40c

6.1 ± 1.7b,c

2.57 ± 0.37b, c

86.4 ± 12.4

22.6 ± 8.0

19.1 ± 0.7

BLD

  1. N = 6–8 in each experimental group at each age
  2. HOMA homeostatic model assessment, BLD below limit of detection
  3. aDifferent from rats of same age and sex (litter size effect)
  4. bDifferent from males of same age and litter size
  5. cDifferent from preceding age (same sex and litter size)
  6. dNon-fasting samples