Fig. 4

EFS-induced bladder detrusor muscle contractility in adult male rats following ELS. a Representative traces of nerve-mediated detrusor urinary bladder contractility in response to EFS (4 Hz) in adult male rats following neonatal conditioning. b In the bladder detrusor muscle isolated from adult male rats following neonatal adversity, EFS caused a frequency-dependent increase in the amplitude of the bladder detrusor muscle contractile response. In adult male rats experiencing neonatal predictable odor shock (n = 6), or unpredictable odor shock (n = 6), there was no differences in the amplitude of the bladder detrusor muscle contractility response compared to odor only controls (n = 6). (n value is shown as the number of animals)