Sex differences in psychophysical and neurophysiological responses to pain in older adults: a cross-sectional study

Monroe, Todd B.; Gore, John C.; Bruehl, Stephen P.; Benningfield, Margaret M.; Dietrich, Mary S.; Chen, Li Min; Newhouse, Paul; Fillingim, Roger; Chodkowski, BettyAnn; Atalla, Sebastian; Arrieta, Julian; Damon, Stephen M.; Blackford, Jennifer Urbano; Cowan, Ronald L.

doi:10.1186/s13293-015-0041-y

Table 4 Female-only whole-brain activation (n = 12)

From: Sex differences in psychophysical and neurophysiological responses to pain in older adults: a cross-sectional study

SPM contrast	Cluster region	Volume	Peak T	MNI coordinates
SPM contrast	Subregions (BA)	(mm³)	Peak T	x	y	z
Mild Pain < Warmth	Right cerebrum		−5.76	34	−68	6
	Temporal lobe	30,040		48	−55	−13
	Parietal lobe	17,528		40	−40	39
	Middle temporal gyrus (21)	13,032		61	−31	1
	Superior temporal gyrus (22)	8800		58	−40	8
	Right postcentral gyrus (1,2,3)	4152		62	−18	27
	Right precentral gyrus	3088		58	5	34
	Right fusiform gyrus (37)	2576		47	−52	−19
	Secondary somatosensory cortex (40)	2120		39	−55	42
	Cuneus	1936		23	−88	17
	Precuneus	1880		23	−60	44
	Premotor cortex (6)	1456		59	−6	37
	Somatosensory association cortex (7)	1344		29	−53	46
	Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (9)	1136		58	5	34
	Primary motor cortex (4)	568		60	−21	44
	Insula	128		41	−28	−3
Moderate Pain > Warmth	Cluster 1: left cerebellum		4.50	−30	−76	−42
	Cerebellum posterior lobe	9984		−28	−55	−41
	Cerebellar tonsil	6432		−9	−55	−42
	Cerebellum anterior lobe	4152		−27	−54	−39
	Right cerebellum	2008		8	−51	−43
	Declive	1632		−28	−79	−29
	Culmen	1296		0	−54	−18
	Dentate	496		12	−47	−33
	Pons	416		−2	−19	−26
	Right brainstem	304		6	−47	−45
	Left brainstem	144		−2	−44	−39
	Cluster 2: left cerebrum		12.65	−16	−6	14
	Right cerebrum	12,064		1	4	1
	Temporal lobe	10,664		−36	−50	5
	Right thalamus	6720		4	−3	8
	Right caudate	3336		15	−12	21
	Superior temporal gyrus	3232		−48	−19	−1
	Caudate head	2160		7	10	4
	Left caudate	2032		−15	−2	15
	Parahippocampal gyrus	1720		−30	−41	−10
	Left insula	1712		−29	−24	18
	Pulvinar	1392		6	−26	3
	Left putamen	1312		−27	−14	10
	Left brainstem	1072		−6	−35	−7
	Middle temporal gyrus	896		−37	−49	3
	Ventral posterior cingulate cortex (23)	880		−2	−30	27
	Insula (13)	824		−42	7	−11
	Right middle cingulate cortex	752		1	−22	29
	Anterior cingulate cortex	616		9	23	−8
	Dorsal posterior cingulate cortex (31)	360		5	−47	31
	Subgenual cingulate cortex (25)	328		3	9	−16
	Cluster 3: frontal lobe		4.67	20	44	44
	Superior frontal gyrus	9072		27	47	23
	Middle frontal gyrus	5560		27	52	16
	Anterior cingulate	3184		12	42	13
	Anterior prefrontal cortex (10)	3000		26	49	28
	Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (9)	2088		33	36	31
	Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (32)	1536		−6	35	29
	Ventral anterior cingulate cortex (24)	448		6	29	17

One-sample female-only analysis. Significant clusters were derived using 3dClustSim and the intrinsic smoothness of the data to define corrected whole-brain cluster thresholds as those having a voxel level p = 0.05, cluster volume 1659 voxels, volume >120 mm³, and family wise error corrected p = 0.05. Areas are reported with the parent cluster first defined by Peak T, followed by subregions within each cluster (MNI coordinates of subregions are approximate). Mild pain < warmth = deactivations; moderate pain > armth = activations
SPM Statistical Parametric Mapping, BA Brodmann area, MNI Montreal Neuroimaging Institute

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ISSN: 2042-6410

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