Table 3 Sex differences in serology and extraglandular manifestations during Sjögren’s syndrome
From: Sex differences in Sjögren’s syndrome: a comprehensive review of immune mechanisms
Study (reference) site | Classification criteria | n (F/M) | Serologic differences F > M | Extraglandular manifestations F > M |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1986 Molina [100] USA | N/A | 105 (69/36) | RF, Ro/SSA, La/SSB | No differences |
1995 Anaya [102] USA | European [103] | 39 (26/13) | No differences | No differences |
1997 Drosos [103] Greece | European [103] | 42 (30/12) | ANA, Ro/SSA | Raynaud’s phenomenon, polyarthritis |
1999 Brennan [104] USA | European [103] | 42 (28/14) | ANA, Ro/SSA | Fatigue |
1999 Saito [113] Japan | American-European [13] | 129 (117/12) | Not performed | Inflammation, sialectasis |
2000 Cervera [101] Spain | European [103] | 223 (204/19) | RF, ANA | Raynaud’s phenomenon, cutaneous vasculitis, polyarthritis |
2004 Diaz-Lopez [105] Spain | European [103] | 549 (521/28) | M > F: RF, ANA, IgA | Fibromyalgia, thyroiditis |
2007 Goeb [106] France | American-European [13] | 148 (137/11) | ANA, Ro/SSA, La/SSB | Raynaud’s phenomenon |
2008 Horvath [107] Hungary | American-European [13] | 492 (432/60) | No differences | Raynaud’s phenomenon, thyroiditis |
2008 Gondran [108] France | American-European [13] | 419 (377/42) | No differences | Lymphopenia, leucopenia |
2008 Ramos-Casals [109] Spain | European [103] | 1,010 (938/73) | ANA | Raynaud’s phenomenon, thyroiditis |