Fig. 5

Impact of 1-week and 3-week PIO treatment on UCP-4 and UCP-5 protein expression in STR and SN of adult male NHPs (n = 5). Protein expression of UCP4 and UCP5 in STR (A, B) and SN (C, D), respectively. Representative blot showing UCP4 and UCP5 expression in STR (E, G), and SN (F, H) region. Corresponding image of total protein in STR (I) and SN (J). Optical density of UCP5 and UCP4 bands were normalized to total protein per lane. Optical density of UCP5 and UCP4 bands were normalized to total protein per lane. The normality of data in each group was confirmed by a Shapiro–Wilk test. UCP4 STR VEH (W = 0.88, p = 0.32), PIO 1 week (W = 0.95, p = 0.78), PIO 3 weeks (W = 0.84, p = 0.16); UCP5 STR VEH (W = 0.91, p = 0.51), PIO 1 week (W = 0.96, p = 0.81), PIO 3 weeks (W = 0.81, p = 0.10); UCP4 SN VEH (W = 0.87, p = 0.27), PIO 1 week (W = 0.87, p = 0.27), PIO 3 weeks (W = 0.93, p = 0.61); UCP5 SN VEH (W = 0.91, p = 0.51), PIO 1 week (W = 0.88, p = 0.34), PIO 3 weeks (W = 0.80, p = 0.08). Data were expressed as mean ± SEM. Data from different groups in each region were first analyzed for homogeneity of variance using Brown–Forsythe test (UCP4 STR: F (2, 12) = 1.551, p = 0.2518), UCP5 STR: F (2, 12) = 1.492, p = 0.2649); UCP4 SN: F (2, 12) = 1.593, p = 0.2435), UCP5 SN: F (2, 12) = 2.097, p = 0.1655)) and then compared by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD post-hoc test for multiple comparisons. UCP4 STR; one-way ANOVA: F (2, 12) = 9.91, p = 0.0029), UCP5 STR; one-way ANOVA: F (2, 12) = 12.94, p = 0.0010); UCP4 SN; one-way ANOVA: F (2, 12) = 22.47, p < 0.0001), UCP5 SN; one-way ANOVA: F (2, 12) = 5.06, p < 0.025). Asterisks indicate statistical significance in comparison with vehicle group, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01