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Fig. 4 | Biology of Sex Differences

Fig. 4

From: Serum metabolomics profiling by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry of the response to single oral macronutrient challenges in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) compared with male and female controls

Fig. 4Fig. 4

Proton nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics profiling of amino acids, including aromatic and branched-chain amino acids and byproducts, and amino acid-derived metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, ketone bodies and carbohydrates, in response to macronutrient challenges as a function of group of subjects. Data represent the AUCs (arbitrary units) as means ± SEM. Colors green, amber and red correspond to control women, women with PCOS and men, respectively. ║p < 0.05 for the differences among groups of subjects, regardless of the macronutrient ingested and obesity (⁑indicates an effect of sex consisting of differences between men and control women); #p < 0.05 for the interaction between group and macronutrient load, irrespective of obesity. §p < 0.05 for the interaction between obesity and group of subjects, regardless of the macronutrient ingested. p < 0.05 for the triple interaction among obesity, group and macronutrient load. These interactions are described in the main text and in Table 2

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Biology of Sex Differences

ISSN: 2042-6410

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