Fig. 2
Aβ1–42 impairs spatial learning and memory encoding in both female and male mice. A Representative traces of the path traveled during the first and last trial of the last training day (day 3) for Aβ1–42 and controls: vehicle and reverse Aβ42–1 peptide. B–D Escape latency (B; in s), number of errors (C) and distance traveled (D; in cm) during the four training days. Data is expressed as the mean ± SEM of the 3 trials per day. E Overview image of the test phase on the Barnes maze, with all holes closed. F Latency (in s) to reach the target hole of the latest training day for the first time, during the two test sessions. G Distance traveled (in cm) during the two test sessions. H Representative traces of the three possible search strategies: random, serial, and spatial. I Ratio of the use of each search strategy for all the experimental groups during training (Days 0 and 3) and tests (Days 7 and 11) sessions. Stacked bars are normalized so that the sum of the three strategies each day is 100%. N vehicles: males = 14 and females = 15; N Aβ1–42: males = 14 and females = 16; N reverse Aβ42–1 males = 7 and females = 6. Aβ, Amyloid-β; cm, centimeters; s, seconds. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. vehicle of the corresponding sex; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01 vs. Aβ42–1 of the corresponding sex