Fig. 2

Histological changes and renal function in male and female mice fed a HFD. A Quantitative measurement of urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR), B proteinuria and C urinary H₂O₂ level to creatinine ratio at week 16. D Representative photomicrographs (original magnification × 400) of PAS staining illustrating vacuolated proximal convoluted tubular cells from renal cortex section in males and females fed a LFD or a HFD. E Quantitative analysis of number of vacuolated tubules per mm². Statistical analyses were performed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post-test. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. Data are presented as means ± SEM