Fig. 2
Identification and characterization of epithelial cells and malignant cells in males and females. A UMAP plot representing the subtypes of epithelial cells and malignant cells from male and female samples. B Heatmap showing the expression of marker genes in the epithelial cells and malignant cells. C Histogram showing the percentage of epithelial cells and malignant cells in samples and groups. D GSVA analysis showing the enrichment of specific pathways in malignant cells based on the HALLMARK gene set. E The volcano plot showing DEGs between male (blue dots) and female (red dots) malignant cells. F GSEA of hallmark interferon-γ response and gene ontology antigen presentation and processing via MHC class I signatures in malignant cells between male and female. G The correlation analysis between androgen response score and EMT, angiogenesis and TGF-β score in male malignant cells. DEGs: differential genes expression; EMT: epithelial to mesenchymal transition; GSEA: gene set enrichment analysis; GSVA: gene set variation analysis; TGF-β: transforming growth factor-β; UMAP: uniform manifold approximation and projection