Fig. 3

Examples of diagrams illustrating difference in syllable-type use in female (A) and male (B) canaries treated with sex steroids. Each panel is constructed from a string of successive syllable types over a sample of 30 songs, and the first-order transitions between them. Each circle represents a different syllable type, and differences in the size of the circles capture variation in their relative use. Lines between circles represent syllable-type switching, with the arrow indicating the direction of the transition and the darkness of the line is proportional to the relative frequency of that particular transition. C, D Illustrate the quantitative sex differences in syllable-type use. Bar graphs represent the mean ± SEM of results. Individual data points are also indicated. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA with treatment (Trt) and Sex of the subjects as independent factors and results are summarized in the insert for each panel (***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, ns = not significant)