Fig. 3

Mean percentage of grants awarded to each category of health research. A–C Percentage of total grants funded by Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR) binned in three time points: 2009–2012, 2013–2016, and 2017–2020. Data points indicate individual years within the range and error bars represent standard error of the mean (SEM). A Percentage of grants funded by year that mentioned sex (yellow) and gender (green) in their abstracts remained below 2% throughout the years. Grant abstracts that mentioned sex increased over time (R² = 0.56, F (1, 10) = 12.91, p = 0.005, β = 0.75) but grant abstracts that mentioned gender did not (R² = 0.18, F (1, 10) = 2.20, p = 0.17, β = − 0.042). B Percentage of grant funding amounts (funded by year) that mentioned female-specific health or disease factors (red), or with female-specific health without cancer research (purple). The percentage of grants awarded in either category did not increase over time [Female-specific: R² = 0.08, F (1, 10) = 0.82, p = 0.39, β = 0.28; female-specific without cancer: R² = 0.10, F (1, 10) = 1.15, p = 0.32, β = 0.32]. The percentage of grants that mentioned 2S/LGBTQ + health (blue) in their abstracts funded by year remained below 1% across all years but increased significantly over time [R² = 0.36, F (1, 10) = 5.53, p = 0.04, β = 0.60]