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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study population

From: Sex-based differences in cardiovascular proteomic profiles and their associations with adverse outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure

Demographics

Total population

Women

Men

p-value

n = 382

n = 104

n = 278

Age [mean (SD)]

63.3 (13.1)

61.6 (13.4)

63.9 (13.0)

0.138

Caucasian ethnicity (%)

351 (92.6)

96 (94.1)

255 (92.1)

0.647

Clinical characteristics

 Body mass index, kg/m2 [mean (SD)]

27.2 (4.5)

26.2 (4.6)

27.6 (4.4)

0.007

 Systolic blood pressure, mmHg [mean (SD)]

115.3 (21.3)

115.2 (22.2)

115.3 (21.0)

0.993

 Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg [mean (SD)]

70.0 (10.5)

70.1 (10.8)

69.9 (10.5)

0.900

Features of heart failure

 Duration of HF, years ǂ

4.2 [1.6, 9.5]

3.7 [1.3, 7.8]

4.4 [1.7, 9.8]

0.178

 NYHA class (%)

   

0.740

  NYHA class I

94 (24.7)

25 (24.0)

69 (25.0)

 

  NYHA class II

182 (47.9)

53 (51.0)

129 (46.7)

 

  NYHA class III and IV

104 (27.4)

26 (25.0)

78 (28.3)

 

 LVEF [mean (SD)]*

29.8 (10.3)

31.2 (10.7)

29.3 (10.1)

0.164

Heart failure etiology

 Ischemic heart disease (% yes)

166 (43.5)

28 (26.9)

138 (49.6)

< 0.001

 Cardiomyopathy (% yes)

122 (31.9)

37 (35.6)

85 (30.6)

0.418

 Hypertension (% yes)

33 (8.6)

13 (12.5)

20 (7.2)

0.150

 Secondary to valvular heart disease (% yes)

12 (3.1)

5 (4.8)

7 (2.5)

0.321

 Other etiology (% yes)

26 (6.8)

11 (10.6)

15 (5.4)

0.118

 Unknown etiology (% yes)

27 (7.1)

10 (9.6)

14 (5.0)

0.160

Established biomarker levels

 NT-proBNP (pmol/L)ǂ

145.0 [54.7, 289.0]

128.2 [53.6, 262.2]

165.0 [58.0, 292.9]

0.396

 Hs-TnT (ng/L)ǂ

18.0 [10.3, 34.0]

13.5 [7.4, 27.6]

20.0 [12.0, 39.0]

< 0.001

 CRP (mg/L)ǂ

2.0 [0.9, 4.7]

2.2 [0.9, 4.6]

2.0 [1.0, 4.7]

0.633

Medical history

 Myocardial infarction (% yes)

145 (38.5)

25 (24.5)

120 (43.6)

0.001

 PCI (% yes)

126 (33.0)

21 (20.2)

105 (37.8)

0.002

 CABG (% yes)

54 (14.1)

7 (6.7)

47 (16.9)

0.018

 Atrial fibrillation (% yes)

137 (36.3)

27 (26.2)

110 (40.1)

0.017

 CRT (% yes)

113 (29.7)

28 (27.2)

85 (30.6)

0.605

 Pacemaker (% yes)

85 (23.0)

22 (21.8)

63 (23.5)

0.832

 Chronic renal failure (% yes)

181 (47.6)

52 (50.0)

129 (46.7)

0.651

 Diabetes mellitus (% yes)

98 (25.7)

26 (25.0)

72 (25.9)

0.962

 Hypercholesterolemia (% yes)

160 (42.9)

34 (32.7)

126 (46.8)

0.018

 COPD (% yes)

50 (13.3)

12 (11.9)

38 (13.8)

0.750

Intoxications

 Smoking (%)

   

0.016

  Never

109 (28.7)

38 (36.5)

71 (25.7)

 

  Current

37 (9.7)

14 (13.5)

23 (8.3)

 

  Former (> 30 days)

234 (61.6)

52 (50.0)

182 (65.9)

 

Medication use

 Beta blockers (% yes)

350 (91.9)

94 (90.4)

256 (92.4)

0.662

 ACE-I (% yes)

258 (67.7)

72 (69.2)

186 (67.1)

0.792

 ARB (% yes)

107 (28.0)

29 (27.9)

78 (28.1)

1.000

 Aldosterone antagonist (% yes)

293 (76.7)

82 (78.8)

211 (75.9)

0.638

 Loop diuretics (% yes)

353 (92.4)

98 (94.2)

255 (91.7)

0.545

 Thiazide diuretics (% yes)

12 (3.1)

1 (1.0)

11 (4.0)

0.193

 Aspirin (% yes)

77 (20.2)

21 (20.2)

56 (20.2)

1.000

 Anticoagulants (% yes)

279 (73.0)

71 (68.3)

208 (74.8)

0.248

MAGGIC risk score

 MAGGIC risk score [mean (SD)]

20.3 (7.2)

18.4 (7.8)

21.0 (6.8)

0.001

  1. ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, CABG coronary artery bypass graft, CRP C-reactive protein, CRT cardiac resynchronization therapy, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hs-TnT high-sensitivity troponin T, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, NT-proBNP N-terminal-pro hormone B-type natriuretic peptide, NYHA New York Heart Association, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, SD standard deviation
  2. ǂAll biomarker levels and duration of heart failure are presented as median [25th–75th percentile]. *Missing for 81 patients
  3. A p-value < 0.05 is considered statistically significant
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Biology of Sex Differences

ISSN: 2042-6410

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