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Table 5 Rationale for mentioning keywords

From: Inclusion of sex and gender in biomedical research: survey of clinical research proposed at the University of Pennsylvania

Ā 

Protocols studying topic with significant sex AND/OR gender differences

nā€‰=ā€‰156 (%)

Protocols studying topic with no or little evidence of sex or gender differences or have not been studied

nā€‰=ā€‰84 (%)

Possible impact on primary outcomes

3 (1.9)

2 (2.4)

Rationale for choosing particular study population

7 (4.5)

17 (20.2)

Inclusion/exclusion criteria, reason not specified

5 (3.2)

4 (4.8)

Inclusion/exclusion criteria, regarding pregnancy

72 (46.2)

29 (34.5)

Stating the population that will be studied

46 (29.5)

16 (19.0)

Data that will be collected or recorded, reason not specified

5 (3.2)

3 (3.6)

Provides background

10 (6.4)

5 (6.0)

Other

7 (4.5)

5 (6.0)

  1. The 156 protocols represent those that focus on topics for which PubMed search indicates at least moderate sex difference, moderate gender difference, or both. Protocols rated ā€œ2ā€ or higher (as described in TableĀ 1) were considered to have moderate evidence