| Male | Female | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | First tertile (n = 33) | Second tertile (n = 33) | Third tertile (n = 33) | p value | First tertile (n = 20) | Second tertile (n = 21) | Third tertile (n = 21) | p value |
Serum uric acid range (μmol/L) | <342.7 | 342.7–410.8 | ≥410.8 |  | <266.3 | 266.3–328.2 | ≥328.2 |  |
Age (years) | 45.2 ± 10.1 | 45.9 ± 10.8 | 45.2 ± 9.4 | 0.959 | 48.5 ± 12.9 | 50.9 ± 9.4 | 50.8 ± 12.5 | 0.755 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.1 ± 3.5 | 26.0 ± 3.3 | 27.4 ± 2.9 | 0.022 | 25.0 ± 3.0 | 24.4 ± 2.6 | 24.5 ± 3.4 | 0.820 |
Menopause | – | – | – | – | 9 (45 %) | 11 (52 %) | 11 (52 %) | 0.863 |
Hypertension | 8 (24Â %) | 11 (33Â %) | 7 (21Â %) | 0.508 | 6 (30Â %) | 8 (38Â %) | 8 (38Â %) | 0.824 |
Diabetes mellitus | 3 (9Â %) | 0 (0Â %) | 2 (6Â %) | 0.365 | 0 (0Â %) | 1 (5Â %) | 0 (0Â %) | 1.000 |
Dyslipidemia | 8 (24Â %) | 10 (30Â %) | 14 (42Â %) | 0.274 | 3 (15Â %) | 5 (24Â %) | 7 (33Â %) | 0.408 |
Current smokers | 18 (55Â %) | 18 (55Â %) | 21 (64Â %) | 0.689 | 0 (0Â %) | 1 (5Â %) | 1 (5Â %) | 1.000 |
Duration of obstructive HC (months) | 7 (1.5–42) | 12 (2–66) | 12 (1.5–60) | 0.435 | 12 (1.25–36) | 12 (1.5–24) | 12 (3–72) | 0.562 |
NYHA class III/IV | 27 (82Â %) | 30 (91Â %) | 28 (85Â %) | 0.672 | 16 (80Â %) | 19 (91Â %) | 18 (86Â %) | 0.610 |
Syncope | 10 (30Â %) | 8 (24Â %) | 12 (36Â %) | 0.563 | 6 (30Â %) | 7 (33Â %) | 10 (48Â %) | 0.459 |
Family history of HC | 8 (24Â %) | 9 (27Â %) | 3 (9Â %) | 0.143 | 8 (40Â %) | 4 (19Â %) | 4 (19Â %) | 0.212 |
Family history of sudden death | 5 (15Â %) | 4 (12Â %) | 2 (6Â %) | 0.614 | 4 (20Â %) | 0 (0Â %) | 2 (10Â %) | 0.073 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 119.8 ± 16.9 | 118.3 ± 17.7 | 113.5 ± 13.2 | 0.256 | 114.5 ± 13.5 | 120.5 ± 20.7 | 117.5 ± 22.9 | 0.616 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 73.9 ± 10.9 | 74.8 ± 12.5 | 72.7 ± 9.9 | 0.742 | 69.3 ± 8.6 | 75.1 ± 12.9 | 70.4 ± 11.1 | 0.257 |
Heart rate (beats/min) | 67.8 ± 9.5 | 69.1 ± 10.6 | 68.8 ± 9.7 | 0.861 | 72.4 ± 14.1 | 66.6 ± 8.7 | 73.5 ± 14.4 | 0.147 |
Atrial fibrillation | 0 (0Â %) | 3 (9Â %) | 4 (12Â %) | 0.156 | 2 (10Â %) | 1 (5Â %) | 3 (14Â %) | 0.682 |
Non-sustained ventricular tachycardiaa | 2 (8Â %) | 1 (4Â %) | 1 (4Â %) | 0.836 | 1 (6Â %) | 1 (6Â %) | 3 (21Â %) | 0.414 |
Medications | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Beta-blockers | 26 (79 %) | 30 (91 %) | 23 (70 %) | 0.098 | 14 (70 %) | 18 (86 %) | 13 (62 %) | 0.213 |
 Calcium antagonists | 12 (36 %) | 10 (30 %) | 4 (12 %) | 0.066 | 5 (25 %) | 9 (43 %) | 11 (52 %) | 0.194 |
 Amiodarone | 2 (6 %) | 1 (3 %) | 2 (6 %) | 1.000 | 0 (0 %) | 1 (5 %) | 1 (5 %) | 1.000 |
 ACEI/ARB | 6 (18 %) | 2 (6 %) | 3 (9 %) | 0.370 | 4 (20 %) | 4 (19 %) | 6 (29 %) | 0.801 |
 Statins | 2 (6 %) | 6 (18 %) | 2 (6 %) | 0.208 | 1 (5 %) | 3 (14 %) | 4 (19 %) | 0.508 |
 Aspirin | 5 (15 %) | 9 (27 %) | 11 (33 %) | 0.223 | 6 (30 %) | 3 (14 %) | 6 (29 %) | 0.498 |
 Diuretics | 0 (0 %) | 3 (9 %) | 1 (3 %) | 0.320 | 2 (10 %) | 1 (5 %) | 2 (10 %) | 0.864 |
Laboratory data | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Serum creatinine (μmol/L) | 73.7 ± 12.1 | 79.5 ± 10.0 | 78.4 ± 11.2 | 0.089 | 59.1 ± 12.5 | 59.9 ± 12.8 | 61.3 ± 8.5 | 0.824 |
 eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 104.4 ± 11.1 | 99.7 ± 13.6 | 101.2 ± 13.3 | 0.313 | 101.5 ± 17.0 | 98.5 ± 13.7 | 99.6 ± 13.4 | 0.805 |
 Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | 4.77 ± 0.70 | 4.85 ± 0.46 | 4.94 ± 0.58 | 0.509 | 4.96 ± 0.55 | 4.82 ± 0.82 | 4.78 ± 0.43 | 0.645 |
 HbA1c (%) | 5.56 ± 0.40 | 5.55 ± 0.54 | 5.68 ± 0.63 | 0.528 | 5.45 ± 0.26 | 5.69 ± 0.78 | 5.64 ± 0.35 | 0.316 |
 Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.34 ± 0.73 | 4.68 ± 1.18 | 4.85 ± 1.03 | 0.108 | 4.21 ± 0.89 | 4.76 ± 0.96 | 4.62 ± 1.09 | 0.186 |
 HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.13 ± 0.24 | 1.07 ± 0.28 | 1.01 ± 0.20 | 0.144 | 1.26 ± 0.37 | 1.23 ± 0.21 | 1.29 ± 0.32 | 0.814 |
 LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.61 ± 0.71 | 3.00 ± 1.04 | 3.05 ± 0.95 | 0.102 | 2.43 ± 0.71 | 2.94 ± 0.77 | 2.90 ± 0.70 | 0.056 |
 Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.36 ± 0.58 | 1.52 ± 0.64 | 2.18 ± 1.23 | 0.001 | 1.34 ± 0.82 | 1.62 ± 0.78 | 1.61 ± 0.91 | 0.476 |
 hs-CRP (mg/L) | 1.11 (0.30–2.12) | 1.26 (0.69–1.83) | 1.36 (0.88–2.99) | 0.291 | 1.04 (0.39–1.78) | 0.81 (0.28–1.65) | 1.67 (0.68–2.96) | 0.111 |
 NT-proBNP (pmol/L) | 1140.9 (863.9–1459.1) | 1314.9 (812.5–2089.4) | 1154.1 (699.6–1578.7) | 0.536 | 1518.2 (862.2–2670.2) | 1392.5 (833.6–2558.0) | 2308.2 (1205.9–2966.6) | 0.299 |
Serum uric acid (μmol/L) | 292.5 ± 42.8 | 373.3 ± 19.1 | 477.6 ± 54.0 | <0.001 | 236.4 ± 22.0 | 298.2 ± 13.0 | 388.9 ± 44.0 | <0.001 |
Echocardiography | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Systolic anterior motion | 30 (91 %) | 33 (100 %) | 31 (100 %) | 0.365 | 18 (90 %) | 20 (95 %) | 20 (95 %) | 0.684 |
 Moderate or severe MR | 13 (39 %) | 12 (36 %) | 11 (33 %) | 0.877 | 10 (50 %) | 7 (33 %) | 8 (38 %) | 0.536 |
 LVOTG at rest (mmHg) | 78.1 ± 27.5 | 89.7 ± 34.4 | 66.0 ± 31.6 | 0.011 | 81.3 ± 33.5 | 85.7 ± 32.1 | 72.2 ± 32.1 | 0.398 |
 LVOTG at rest ≥30 mmHg | 33 (100 %) | 33 (100 %) | 27 (82 %) | 0.003 | 18 (90 %) | 20 (95 %) | 19 (91 %) | 0.864 |
 LVOTG after provocation (mmHg)b | 96.2 ± 35.9 | 98.9 ± 21.6 | 91.7 ± 30.2 | 0.843 | 90.6 ± 8.0 | 88.3 ± 20.7 | 85.6 ± 18.8 | 0.877 |
Cardiac magnetic resonance | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Left atrium diameter (mm) | 37.8 ± 6.6 | 39.1 ± 8.3 | 42.6 ± 7.2 | 0.025 | 39.6 ± 8.6 | 38.8 ± 6.5 | 43.8 ± 8.0 | 0.088 |
 LV end-diastolic diameter (mm) | 46.8 ± 3.6 | 46.2 ± 5.2 | 46.3 ± 3.4 | 0.828 | 45.1 ± 4.5 | 45.6 ± 3.8 | 43.4 ± 3.9 | 0.213 |
 Maximum wall thickness (mm) | 23.1 ± 3.6 | 24.3 ± 5.6 | 23.0 ± 3.6 | 0.449 | 23.1 ± 3.5 | 21.9 ± 4.3 | 24.0 ± 7.4 | 0.429 |
 Maximum wall thickness ≥30 mm | 1 (3 %) | 5 (15 %) | 2 (6 %) | 0.266 | 1 (5 %) | 1 (5 %) | 3 (14 %) | 0.605 |
 LV ejection fraction (%) | 71.5 ± 7.5 | 72.7 ± 4.6 | 72.4 ± 8.9 | 0.775 | 72.1 ± 7.8 | 71.2 ± 7.1 | 72.7 ± 7.3 | 0.805 |
 LV mass (g) | 162.5 ± 45.2 | 194.4 ± 77.8 | 185.0 ± 65.2 | 0.122 | 117.6 ± 37.5 | 136.6 ± 50.5 | 157.0 ± 63.0 | 0.058 |
 LV end-diastolic volume index (mL/m2) | 65.2 ± 12.3 | 66.2 ± 15.1 | 63.9 ± 15.1 | 0.797 | 60.1 ± 10.0 | 69.8 ± 16.4 | 61.8 ± 13.0 | 0.053 |
 LV end-systolic volume index (mL/m2) | 18.7 ± 6.7 | 17.9 ± 4.6 | 17.7 ± 7.0 | 0.786 | 16.9 ± 7.3 | 20.4 ± 7.6 | 16.9 ± 5.8 | 0.177 |
 Stroke volume index (mL/m2) | 46.5 ± 9.4 | 48.3 ± 12.0 | 46.2 ± 12.6 | 0.723 | 43.2 ± 6.9 | 49.3 ± 10.7 | 44.8 ± 9.9 | 0.100 |
 Cardiac index (L/min/m2) | 3.16 ± 0.69 | 3.16 ± 0.92 | 3.02 ± 0.70 | 0.709 | 2.99 ± 0.61 | 3.31 ± 0.87 | 3.07 ± 0.89 | 0.398 |
 LV mass index (g/m2) | 88.7 ± 23.7 | 103.4 ± 37.0 | 96.6 ± 33.4 | 0.177 | 71.2 ± 23.1 | 83.7 ± 31.3 | 97.7 ± 36.9 | 0.030 |