Variable | Male (n = 99) | Female (n = 62) | p value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 45.4 ± 10.0 | 50.1 ± 11.5 | 0.008 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.3 ± 3.4 | 24.6 ± 3.0 | 0.004 |
Hypertension | 26 (26Â %) | 22 (36Â %) | 0.213 |
Diabetes mellitus | 5 (5Â %) | 1 (2Â %) | 0.488 |
Dyslipidemia | 32 (32Â %) | 15 (24Â %) | 0.27 |
Current smokers | 57 (58Â %) | 2 (3Â %) | <0.001 |
Duration of obstructive HC (months) | 12 (2–48) | 12 (2–48) | 0.729 |
NYHA functional class | Â | Â | 0.636 |
 I | 4 (4 %) | 5 (8 %) |  |
 II | 10 (10 %) | 4 (7 %) |  |
 III | 71 (72 %) | 41 (66 %) |  |
 IV | 14 (14 %) | 12 (19 %) |  |
Syncope | 30 (30Â %) | 23 (37Â %) | 0.372 |
Family history of HC | 20 (20Â %) | 16 (26Â %) | 0.406 |
Family history of sudden death | 11 (11Â %) | 6 (10Â %) | 0.773 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 117.2 ± 16.1 | 117.5 ± 19.3 | 0.902 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 73.8 ± 11.1 | 71.6 ± 11.2 | 0.226 |
Heart rate (beats/min) | 68.6 ± 9.9 | 70.8 ± 12.8 | 0.252 |
Atrial fibrillation | 7 (7Â %) | 6 (10Â %) | 0.555 |
Non-sustained ventricular tachycardiaa | 4 (5Â %) | 5 (10Â %) | 0.433 |
Medications | Â | Â | Â |
 Beta-blockers | 79 (80 %) | 45 (73 %) | 0.289 |
 Calcium antagonists | 26 (26 %) | 25 (40 %) | 0.062 |
 Amiodarone | 5 (5 %) | 2 (3 %) | 0.877 |
 ACEI/ARB | 11 (11 %) | 14 (23 %) | 0.051 |
 Statins | 10 (10 %) | 8 (13 %) | 0.583 |
 Aspirin | 25 (25 %) | 15 (24 %) | 0.880 |
 Diuretics | 4 (4 %) | 5 (8 %) | 0.466 |
Laboratory data | Â | Â | Â |
 Serum creatinine (μmol/L) | 77.2 ± 11.3 | 60.1 ± 11.2 | <0.001 |
 eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 101.7 ± 12.8 | 99.8 ± 14.6 | 0.386 |
 Blood glucose (mmol/L) | 4.85 ± 0.59 | 4.85 ± 0.62 | 0.978 |
 HbA1c (%) | 5.59 ± 0.53 | 5.60 ± 0.52 | 0.993 |
 Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.62 ± 1.01 | 4.54 ± 1.00 | 0.604 |
 HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.07 ± 0.25 | 1.26 ± 0.30 | <0.001 |
 LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.89 ± 0.92 | 2.76 ± 0.75 | 0.380 |
 Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.69 ± 0.93 | 1.52 ± 0.83 | 0.251 |
 hs-CRP (mg/L) | 1.25 (0.60–2.14) | 0.96 (0.40–1.94) | 0.318 |
 NT-proBNP (pmol/L) | 1154.1 (775.5–1692.5) | 1811.9 (869.6–2816.0) | 0.002 |
 Serum uric acid (μmol/L) | 381.2 ± 86.4 | 309.0 ± 69.3 | <0.001 |
Echocardiography | Â | Â | Â |
 Systolic anterior motion | 94 (95 %) | 58 (94 %) | 0.981 |
 Moderate or severe mitral regurgitation | 36 (36 %) | 25 (40 %) | 0.614 |
 LVOTG at rest (mmHg) | 77.9 ± 32.5 | 79.7 ± 32.5 | 0.735 |
 LVOTG after provocation (mmHg)b | 95.7 ± 28.9 | 87.8 ± 15.8 | 0.312 |
 LVOTG at rest ≥30 mmHg | 93 (94 %) | 57 (92 %) | 0.865 |
Cardiac magnetic resonance | Â | Â | Â |
 Left atrium diameter (mm) | 39.8 ± 7.6 | 40.7 ± 7.9 | 0.483 |
 LV end-diastolic diameter (mm) | 46.4 ± 4.1 | 44.7 ± 4.1 | 0.010 |
 Maximum wall thickness (mm) | 23.5 ± 4.4 | 23.0 ± 5.4 | 0.543 |
 Maximum wall thickness ≥30 mm | 8 (8 %) | 5 (8 %) | 0.997 |
 LV ejection fraction (%) | 72.2 ± 7.2 | 72.0 ± 7.3 | 0.893 |
 LV mass (g) | 180.6 ± 64.9 | 137.4 ± 53.3 | <0.001 |
 LV end-diastolic volume index (mL/m2) | 65.1 ± 14.1 | 63.9 ± 13.9 | 0.61 |
 LV end-systolic volume index (mL/m2) | 18.1 ± 6.1 | 18.1 ± 7.0 | 0.976 |
 Stroke volume index (mL/m2) | 47.0 ± 11.3 | 45.8 ± 9.6 | 0.496 |
 Cardiac index (L/min/m2) | 3.12 ± 0.77 | 3.13 ± 0.81 | 0.925 |
 LV mass index (g/m2) | 96.2 ± 32.1 | 84.4 ± 32.4 | 0.025 |