From: Neural and psychosocial contributions to sex differences in knee osteoarthritic pain
Study | Male | Female | Findings |
---|---|---|---|
Arendt-Nielsen et al., 2010 [5] | Human | Human | Increased central excitability in OA subjects; greater excitability with greater OA pain; lack of correlation between radiographic findings and pain; no discussion of sex differences. |
Arendt-Nielsen et al., 2008 [41] | Human | Human | Healthy men show greater decrease in central excitability in response to conditioned pain modulation. |
Bajaj et al., 2001 [35] | Human | Human | Hypertonic saline infusion into tibialis anterior shows greater areas of referred pain; no discussion of sex differences. |
Baliki et al., 2008 [43] | Human | Human | fMRI shows enhanced activity in thalamus, somatosensory cortex, cingluate cortex, and amygdala in OA patients in response to painful mechanical stimulation; decreased brain activity in response to intra-articular lidocaine. |
Ge et al., 2005 [61] | Human | Human | Reduced pain ratings to a second intramuscular injection of glutamate in men compared to women. |
Bwilym et al., 2010 [46] | Human | Human | Imaging study shows that atrophy of thalamus in hip OA is reversed by total hip replacement; no sex differences reported. |
Gwilym et al., 2009 [48] | Human | Human | Imaging study shows patients with OA have increased activity in brainstem facilitation pathway that is correlated with neuropathic symptoms; no sex differences reported. |
Kulkarni et al., 2007 [44] | Human | Human | Reduction in conditioned pain modulation in OA, that is reversed after total joint replacement in pain-free individuals; no sex differences reported. |
LeBars et al., 1979 [37] | Rat | Â | Activation of diffuse noxious inhibitory control pathways reduces activity of nociceptive neurons in spinal cord. |
Loyd and Murphy, 2006 [62] | Rat | Rat | Review article including 141 references describing sex differences in central pain modulation. |
Parks et al., 2011 [45] | Human | Human | fMRI in knee OA shows spontaneous pain activates prefrontal-limbic regions; COX-2 inhibitor decreases spontaneous pain and activity in prefrontal-limbic regions; no sex differences reported. |
Sarlani and Greenspan, 2002 [39] | Human | Human | Greater temporal summation to heat and mechanical stimuli in healthy women than men. |
Staud et al., 2003 [40] | Human | Human | Conditioned pain modulation is more effective in heathy men than women. |
Tousignant-Laflamme and Marchand, 2009 [42] | Â | Human | Menstrual cycle alters conditioned pain modulation in healthy women. |
Yarnitsky et al., 2008 [38] | Human | Human | Lower conditioned pain modulation prior to surgery is predictive of postoperative chronic pain. |