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  1. The presence, magnitude, and significance of sex differences in the human brain are hotly debated topics in the scientific community and popular media. This debate is largely fueled by studies containing stron...

    Authors: Alex R. DeCasien, Elisa Guma, Siyuan Liu and Armin Raznahan
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:43
  2. Females are more likely to present with anxiety disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared to males, which are associated with disrupted hippocampal integrity. Sex differences in the stru...

    Authors: Shunya Yagi, Amanda Lee, Nadine Truter and Liisa A. M. Galea
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:42
  3. Despite recent work demonstrating that female rodents and humans do not show greater variance in behavior and physiology than males due to ovulatory cycles, many researchers still default to using males in the...

    Authors: Benjamin Smarr and Lance J. Kriegsfeld
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:41
  4. KDM6A is a demethylase encoded by a gene with female-biased expression due to escape from X inactivation. Its main role is to facilitate gene expression through removal of the repressive H3K27me3 mark, with ev...

    Authors: Wenxiu Ma, He Fang, Nicolas Pease, Galina N. Filippova, Christine M. Disteche and Joel B. Berletch
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:40
  5. In utero exposure to nicotine, largely assessed by smoking, is a risk factor for impaired offspring health, while potential effects of non-combustible nicotine use such as snus (oral moist tobacco), are less w...

    Authors: Birgitte Kordt Sundet, Ina Kreyberg, Anne Cathrine Staff, Karin Cecilie Lødrup Carlsen, Karen Eline Stensby Bains, Jens Petter Berg, Berit Granum, Guttorm Haugen, Gunilla Hedlin, Christine Monceyron Jonassen, Live Solveig Nordhagen, Björn Nordlund, Eva Maria Rehbinder, Knut Rudi, Corina Silvia Rueegg, Katrine Dønvold Sjøborg…
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:39
  6. Alcohol septal ablation (ASA) has been proven to reverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, there are no studies on the effect of sex on LV remodeling after ASA. We...

    Authors: You-Zhou Chen, Xing-Shan Zhao, Jian-Song Yuan, Yan Zhang, Wei Liu and Shu-Bin Qiao
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:37
  7. Whether cigarette smoking affects the heart post-myocardial infarction (MI) in a sex-dependent way remains controversial. Using a mouse model, we investigated cardiac remodeling under the influence of acute ci...

    Authors: Abdullah Kaplan, Emna Abidi, Reine Diab, Rana Ghali, Hiam Al-Awassi, George W. Booz and Fouad A. Zouein
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:36
  8. We determined the effect of fetal sex on birth/placental weight and umbilical vein and artery oxygen values with implications for placental efficiency and regulatory mechanisms underlying fetal–placental growt...

    Authors: Bryan S. Richardson, Akasham Rajagopaul, Barbra de Vrijer, Genevieve Eastabrook and Timothy R. H. Regnault
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:35
  9. Substance use continues to contribute to significant morbidity and mortality in the United States, for both women and men, more so than any other preventable health condition. To reduce the public health burde...

    Authors: Sherry A. McKee and Aimee L. McRae-Clark
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:34

    The Correction to this article has been published in Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:38

  10. The in-vivo regulation of vascular conductance (VC) is a continuous balance between endothelial vasodilation and sympathetic vasoconstriction. Although women may report blunted sympathetic vasoconstriction alo...

    Authors: Alessandro Gentilin, Paolo Moghetti, Antonio Cevese, Federico Schena and Cantor Tarperi
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:33
  11. Relaxin is a hormone which peaks during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, and a known collagenolytic promoter that has been shown to avidly bind tissues supporting the trapeziometacarpal (TMC) joint in ...

    Authors: Emily A. Parker, Alex M. Meyer, Ignacio Garcia Fleury and Joseph A. Buckwalter V
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:32
  12. In this systematic review, we highlight the differences between the male and female zebrafish brains to understand their differentiation and their use in studying sex-specific neurological diseases. Male and f...

    Authors: Gang Zhai, Jingyi Jia, Ceyhun Bereketoglu, Zhan Yin and Ajay Pradhan
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:31
  13. The sexual dimorphism represents one of the triggers of the metabolic disparities between the organisms, advising about wild implications in research or diagnostics contexts. Despite the mounting recognition o...

    Authors: Michele Costanzo, Marianna Caterino, Giovanni Sotgiu, Margherita Ruoppolo, Flavia Franconi and Ilaria Campesi
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:30
  14. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are an independent risk factor for chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, stroke and ischemic heart disease. However, the effect of ACEs considering sex and race are ...

    Authors: Jacqueline R. Leachman, Kory Heier, Feitong Lei, Nermin Ahmed, Carolina Dalmasso, Meredith S. Duncan and Analia S. Loria
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:29
  15. Memory consolidation is a process required for the formation of long-term memories. The G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) neurokinin-3-receptor (Nk3R) and its interactions with sex hormones seem important for ...

    Authors: Antonio Florido, Estefanía Moreno, Enric I. Canela and Raül Andero
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:28
  16. Preeclampsia is a multifactorial cardiovascular disorder of pregnancy. If left untreated, it can lead to severe maternal and fetal outcomes. Hence, timely diagnosis and management of preeclampsia are extremely...

    Authors: Dinara Afrose, Hao Chen, Amali Ranashinghe, Chia-chi Liu, Annemarie Henessy, Philip M. Hansbro and Lana McClements
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:26
  17. Sex-based differences in appetite ratings have been observed previously. Ghrelin is the only known orexigenic peptide hormone. Sex differences in postprandial ghrelin responses may underlie different perceptio...

    Authors: Alessandro Leone, Ramona De Amicis, Marta Pellizzari, Simona Bertoli, Simone Ravella and Alberto Battezzati
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:25
  18. Impaired skeletal muscle growth in utero can result in reduced birth weight and pathogenesis of intrauterine growth restriction. Fetal and placental growth is influenced by many factors including genetic, epig...

    Authors: Siriluck Ponsuksili, Eduard Murani, Frieder Hadlich, Alvaro Perdomo-Sabogal, Nares Trakooljul, Michael Oster, Henry Reyer and Klaus Wimmers
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:24
  19. Epidemiologists need tools to measure effects of gender, a complex concept originating in the social sciences which is not easily operationalized in the discipline. Our aim is to clarify useful concepts, measures...

    Authors: Hélène Colineaux, Alexandra Soulier, Benoit Lepage and Michelle Kelly-Irving
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:23
  20. Previous studies on the relationship between the visceral adiposity index (VAI) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are limited. Therefore, this study explored the relationship between VAI and PAD in normal-...

    Authors: Yumeng Shi, Chao Yu, Lihua Hu, Minghui Li, Wei Zhou, Tao Wang, Lingjuan Zhu, Huihui Bao, Ping Li and Xiaoshu Cheng
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:22
  21. Whether the association of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) with dementia differs by sex remains unclear, and the role of socioeconomic, lifestyle, genetic, and medical factors in their association is unknown.

    Authors: Caiyun Dong, Chunmiao Zhou, Chunying Fu, Wenting Hao, Akihiko Ozaki, Nipun Shrestha, Salim S. Virani, Shiva Raj Mishra and Dongshan Zhu
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:21
  22. Sex and age associated differences in the tumor immune microenvironment of non-muscle invasive bladder (NMIBC) cancer and associated clinical outcomes are emerging indicators of treatment outcomes. The inciden...

    Authors: Ali Hamade, Deyang Li, Kathrin Tyryshkin, Minqi Xu, Gwenaelle Conseil, Priyanka Yolmo, Jake Hamilton, Stephen Chenard, D. Robert Siemens and Madhuri Koti
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:19
  23. Hypertension remains the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Young females tend to be protected from hypertension compared with age-matched males. Although it has become increasingly clear that the...

    Authors: Elizabeth C. Snyder, Mahmoud Abdelbary, Ahmed El-Marakby and Jennifer C. Sullivan
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:17
  24. Prior research indicates that at least 35% of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia risk may be amenable to prevention. Subjective cognitive decline is often the first indication of preclinical dementia, wi...

    Authors: Karen C. Schliep, William A. Barbeau, Kristine E. Lynch, Michelle K. Sorweid, Michael W. Varner, Norman L. Foster and Fares Qeadan
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:16
  25. Sex-based differences are crucial to consider in the formulation of a personalized treatment plan. We evaluated sex-based differences in adherence and remotely monitored biometric, psychometric, and biomarker ...

    Authors: Lili Barsky, William Speier, Garth Fuller, Susan Cheng, Andy Kim, Sandy Joung, Corey Arnold, Shivani Dhawan, Mayra Lopez, Mitra Mastali, Irene van den Broek, Janet Wei, Brennan Spiegel, Jennifer E. Van Eyk, C. Noel Bairey Merz and Chrisandra Shufelt
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:15
  26. Sex differences are essential factors in disease etiology and manifestation in many diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegeneration [33]. The biological influence of sex differences (includ...

    Authors: Jennifer L. Fisher, Emma F. Jones, Victoria L. Flanary, Avery S. Williams, Elizabeth J. Ramsey and Brittany N. Lasseigne
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:13
  27. Women and men are suggested to have differences in vulnerability to neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), schizophrenia, eating disorders, i...

    Authors: Parnian Shobeiri, Amirali Kalantari, Antônio L. Teixeira and Nima Rezaei
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:12
  28. We assessed the sex differences in the association between blood pressure categories and glucose intolerance status with overall and ischemic stroke among Iranian adults.

    Authors: Azra Ramezankhani, Donna Parizadeh, Fereidoun Azizi and Farzad Hadaegh
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:10
  29. Neurogenesis in the hippocampus endures across the lifespan but is particularly prolific during the first postnatal week in the developing rodent brain. The majority of new born neurons are in the dentate gyru...

    Authors: S. L. Stockman, K. E. Kight, J. M. Bowers and M. M. McCarthy
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:9
  30. Beyond the degree of adiposity, the pattern of fat distribution has a profound influence on cardiometabolic risk. It is unclear if sex differences in body fat distribution can potentially explain any sex diffe...

    Authors: Christina Strack, Gundula Behrens, Sabine Sag, Margareta Mohr, Judith Zeller, Claas Lahmann, Ute Hubauer, Thomas Loew, Lars Maier, Marcus Fischer and Andrea Baessler
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:8
  31. Although biological males and females are equally likely to become infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), evidence has mounted that males experience higher severity and fat...

    Authors: Cosby G. Arnold, Anne Libby, Alexis Vest, Andrew Hopkinson and Andrew A. Monte
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:7
  32. Birds exhibit a unique asymmetry in terms of gonad development. The female left gonad generates a functional ovary, whereas the right gonad regresses. In males, both left and right gonads would develop into te...

    Authors: Yunqi Jiang, Zhelun Peng, Qiu Man, Sheng Wang, Xiaochen Huang, Lu Meng, Heng Wang and Guiyu Zhu
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:6
  33. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) refers to a cluster of co-existing cardio-metabolic risk factors, including visceral obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia with insulin resistance, and hypertension. As there is a clos...

    Authors: Melinda E. Tóth, Márta Sárközy, Gergő Szűcs, Brigitta Dukay, Petra Hajdu, Ágnes Zvara, László G. Puskás, Gábor J. Szebeni, Zsófia Ruppert, Csaba Csonka, Ferenc Kovács, András Kriston, Péter Horváth, Bence Kővári, Gábor Cserni, Tamás Csont…
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:5
  34. Biological processes involving environmental and genetic factors drive the interplay between age- and sex-regulating lipid profile. The relation between variations in the LPA gene with increasing the risk of coro...

    Authors: Hossein Lanjanian, Leila Najd Hassan Bonab, Mahdi Akbarzadeh, Maryam Moazzam-Jazi, Asiyeh Sadat Zahedi, Sajedeh Masjoudi and Maryam S. Daneshpour
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:4
  35. There are sex differences in addiction behaviors. To develop a pre-clinical animal model to investigate this, the present study examined sex differences in sucrose taking and seeking using Long-Evans rats.

    Authors: Jeffrey W. Grimm, Katherine North, Madeleine Hopkins, Kyle Jiganti, Alex McCoy, Josef Šulc, Derek MacDougall and Frances Sauter
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:3
  36. Focused evaluations on potential sex differences in the angiographic findings of the coronary arteries are scarce. This study was performed to compare the angiographic extent and localization of coronary steno...

    Authors: Hack-Lyoung Kim, Hyun-Jin Kim, Mina Kim, Sang Min Park, Hyun Ju Yoon, Young Sup Byun, Seong Mi Park, Mi Seung Shin, Kyung-Soon Hong and Myung-A Kim
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2022 13:2
  37. Sex differences in COVID-19 are increasingly recognized globally. Although infection rates are similar between the sexes, men have more severe illness. The mechanism underlying these sex differences is unknown...

    Authors: Shaohua Qi, Conelius Ngwa, Diego A. Morales Scheihing, Abdullah Al Mamun, Hilda W. Ahnstedt, Carson E. Finger, Gabriela Delevati Colpo, Romana Sharmeen, Youngran Kim, HuiMahn A. Choi, Louise D. McCullough and Fudong Liu
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2021 12:66
  38. Body height is a marker of childhood health and cumulative net nutrition during growth periods. However, sex-specific associations between body height and cognitive impairment are not well known in northern ru...

    Authors: Dongwang Qi, Chanhong Shi, Rongyan Mao, Xuewei Yang, Jinhui Song, Yanjia Wang, Jun Tu, Jinghua Wang, Xianjia Ning and Yi Wu
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2021 12:65
  39. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the most important subtypes of lung cancer. Compared with male LUAD patients, female patients have a higher incidence, but better long-term survival rate, with unknown reas...

    Authors: Tao Fan, Chunxiang Li and Jie He
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2021 12:64
  40. Several biomarkers have been identified to predict the outcome of COVID-19 severity, but few data are available regarding sex differences in their predictive role. Aim of this study was to identify sex-specifi...

    Authors: Maria Teresa Pagano, Daniela Peruzzu, Luca Busani, Marina Pierdominici, Anna Ruggieri, Andrea Antinori, Gianpiero D’Offizi, Nicola Petrosillo, Fabrizio Palmieri, Pierluca Piselli, Stefania Cicalini, Stefania Notari, Emanuele Nicastri, Chiara Agrati, Giuseppe Ippolito, Francesco Vaia…
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2021 12:63
  41. Despite growing recognition of the importance of sex and gender considerations in health research, they are rarely integrated into research design and reporting. We sought to assess the integration of sex, as ...

    Authors: Amédé Gogovor, Hervé Tchala Vignon Zomahoun, Giraud Ekanmian, Évèhouénou Lionel Adisso, Alèxe Deom Tardif, Lobna Khadhraoui, Nathalie Rheault, David Moher and France Légaré
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2021 12:62
  42. Current methods fail to accurately predict women at greatest risk of developing fetal growth restriction (FGR) or related adverse outcomes, including stillbirth. Sexual dimorphism in these adverse pregnancy ou...

    Authors: Bernadette C. Baker, Sylvia Lui, Isabel Lorne, Alexander E. P. Heazell, Karen Forbes and Rebecca L. Jones
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2021 12:61
  43. Several chronic pain disorders, such as migraine and fibromyalgia, have an increased prevalence in the female population. The underlying mechanisms of this sex-biased prevalence have yet to be thoroughly docum...

    Authors: Aidan Levine, Erika Liktor-Busa, Austin A. Lipinski, Sarah Couture, Shreya Balasubramanian, Sue A. Aicher, Paul R. Langlais, Todd W. Vanderah and Tally M. Largent-Milnes
    Citation: Biology of Sex Differences 2021 12:60