Fig. 5

Estrogen receptor expression in the hippocampus and the cortex persists following menopause. The expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) was assessed in the hippocampus (A) and the cortex (D). The expression of estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) was assessed in the hippocampus (B) and the cortex (E). The expression of G-coupled protein estrogen receptor (GPER1) was assessed in the hippocampus (C) and the cortex (F). Data are presented as mean + SEM, (n = 3–5/group). Using a correlation matrix, we compared relationships between cognitive, metabolic, and pathological factors including the expression of estrogen receptors for control (G) and menopause (H) groups separately. NOR-RI: novel object recognition test recognition index, a measurement of episodic-like memory; Nest Score: a measurement of activities of daily living; Cortex ERα: expression of ERα in the right (ischemic for VCID groups) cortex; Cortex ERβ: expression of ERβ in the right (ischemic for VCID groups) cortex; Cortex GPER1:expression of GPER1 in the right (ischemic for VCID groups) cortex; Hippocampus ERα: expression of Erα in the right (ischemic for VCID groups) hippocampus; Hippocampus Erβ: expression of ERβ in the right (ischemic for VCID groups) hippocampus; Hippocampus GPER1: expression of GPER1 in the right (ischemic for VCID groups) Hippocampus; Hippocampus cyp19a1: expression of aromatase in the right (ischemic for VCID groups) hippocampus; %ΔBW: % change in body weight from the beginning of the study; GTT AUC: area under the curve from the glucose tolerance test, high AUC indicates greater glucose intolerance; Visceral Fat Norm.: Visceral fat pad weight normalized to body weight; %ΔCBF: % difference in blood flow between the left and right ZOA; (n = 8–10/group for gene expression and n = 19–24 for behavior, metabolic, and blood flow measures). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, significant correlation; Pearson r values are presented. Orange: positive correlation, Blue: negative correlation. Significant correlations are outlined in purple