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Table 5 Multivariable logistic and linear regression analyses for the association of testosterone measurements with glaucoma (-associated parameters) in postmenopausal women

From: Higher testosterone is associated with open-angle glaucoma in women: a genetic predisposition?

  

Total testosterone

(per nmol/L)

Bioavailable testosterone

(per nmol/L)

Free testosterone

(per ng/dL)

OR (95% CI)

P

OR (95% CI)

P

OR (95% CI)

P

OAG

Model 1

1.26 (0.98; 1.63)

0.08

2.02 (0.99; 4.14)

0.05

1.77 (0.99; 3.17)

0.05

 

Model 2

1.34 (1.05; 1.71)

0.02*

2.25 (1.12; 4.53)

0.02*

1.94 (1.10; 3.42)

0.02*

 

Model 3

1.27 (0.98; 1.64)

0.07

2.03 (0.99; 4.17)

0.06

1.78 (0.99; 3.19)

0.06

  

Beta (95% CI)

P

Beta (95% CI)

P

Beta (95% CI)

P

IOP

Model 1

0.13 (− 0.05; 0.31)

0.15

0.59 (0.04; 1.13)

0.04*

0.48 (0.03; 0.92)

0.04*

 

Model 2

0.13 (− 0.07; 0.32)

0.22

0.57 (− 0.02; 1.17)

0.06

0.47 (− 0.02; 0.95)

0.06

 

Model 3

0.11 (− 0.07; 0.29)

0.25

0.47 (− 0.08; 1.02)

0.09

0.38 (− 0.06; 0.83)

0.09

Peripapillary RNFL

Model 1

− 3.27 (− 6.78; 0.24)

0.07

− 4.52 (− 16.63; 7.59)

0.46

− 3.67 (− 13.52; 6.17)

0.46

 

Model 2

− 2.99 (− 7.14; 1.16)

0.16

− 5.03 (− 19.04; 8.99)

0.48

− 4.09 (− 15.48; 7.31)

0.48

 

Model 3

− 3.08 (− 6.65; 0.48)

0.09

− 4.01 (− 16.49; 8.46)

0.53

− 3.26 (− 13.41; 6.88)

0.53

Peripapillary GCL + 

Model 1

− 1.96 (− 3.86; − 0.06)

0.04*

− 4.05 (− 10.60; 2.50)

0.23

− 3.29 (− 8.62; 2.04)

0.23

 

Model 2

− 1.34 (− 3.55; 0.87)

0.23

− 3.09 (− 10.55; 4.37)

0.42

− 2.51 (− 8.58; 3.55)

0.42

 

Model 3

− 1.85 (− 3.77; 0.08)

0.06

− 3.80 (− 10.52; 2.93)

0.27

− 3.09 (− 8.56; 2.39)

0.27

Macular RNFL

Model 1

− 3.41 (− 8.58; 1.77)

0.20

− 10.68 (− 27.91; 6.55)

0.22

− 8.68 (− 22.70; 5.33)

0.22

 

Model 2

− 4.01 (− 10.10; 2.08)

0.20

− 13.48 (− 33.42; 6.47)

0.19

− 10.96 (− 27.18; 5.26)

0.19

 

Model 3

− 3.62 (− 8.87; 1.62)

0.18

− 12.55 (− 30.18; 5.08)

0.16

− 10.21 (− 24.55; 4.13)

0.16

Macular GCL + 

Model 1

− 1.74 (− 4.74; 1.26)

0.26

− 4.87 (− 14.87; 5.13)

0.34

− 3.96 (− 12.09; 4.17)

0.34

 

Model 2

− 2.10 (− 5.58; 1.37)

0.24

− 6.87 (− 18.26; 4.52)

0.24

− 5.59 (− 14.85; 3.67)

0.24

 

Model 3

− 1.79 (− 4.83; 1.25)

0.25

− 5.53 (− 15.75; 4.70)

0.29

− 4.49 (− 12.81; 3.82)

0.29

  1. Model 1: adjusted for age, body mass index, and follow-up time. Model 2: model 1 additionally adjusted for physical activity, energy intake, and smoking status. Model 3: model 1 additionally adjusted for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and total cholesterol. The analyses for total testosterone were additionally adjusted for sex hormone-binding globulin. *P-value < 0.05. OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, OAG open-angle glaucoma,; IOP intraocular pressure, RNFL retinal nerve fiber layer, GCL + ganglion cell layer + inner plexiform layer