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Table 4 Multivariable logistic and linear regression analyses for the association of testosterone measurements with glaucoma (-associated parameters) in women

From: Higher testosterone is associated with open-angle glaucoma in women: a genetic predisposition?

  

Total testosterone

(per nmol/L)

Bioavailable testosterone

(per nmol/L)

Free testosterone

(per ng/dL)

OR (95% CI)

P

OR (95% CI)

P

OR (95% CI)

P

OAG

Model 1

1.25 (0.97; 1.62)

0.09

2.05 (1.00; 4.18)

0.05*

1.79 (1.00; 3.20)

0.05*

 

Model 2

1.34 (1.05; 1.71)

0.02*

2.27 (1.12; 4.57)

0.02*

1.95 (1.10; 3.44)

0.02*

 

Model 3

1.26 (0.97; 1.64)

0.09

2.04 (0.99; 4.20)

0.05

1.78 (0.99; 3.21)

0.05

  

Beta (95% CI)

P

Beta (95% CI)

P

Beta (95% CI)

P

IOP

Model 1

0.11 (− 0.06; 0.29)

0.20

0.58 (0.05; 1.10)

0.03*

0.47 (0.04; 0.90)

0.03*

 

Model 2

0.11 (− 0.08; 0.31)

0.26

0.59 (0.01; 1.17)

0.05*

0.48 (0.01; 0.96)

0.05*

 

Model 3

0.09 (− 0.08; 0.27)

0.29

0.47 (− 0.07; 1.00)

0.09

0.38 (− 0.05; 0.82)

0.09

Peripapillary RNFL

Model 1

− 3.54 (− 7.02; − 0.06)

0.05*

− 5.70 (− 17.63; 6.24)

0.35

− 4.63 (− 14.34; 5.07)

0.35

 

Model 2

− 3.37 (− 7.48; 0.74)

0.11

− 6.47 (− 20.28; 7.34)

0.36

− 5.26 (− 16.49; 5.97)

0.36

 

Model 3

− 3.36 (− 6.89; 0.18)

0.06

− 5.15 (− 17.47; 7.16)

0.41

− 4.19 (− 14.21; 5.82)

0.41

Peripapillary GCL + 

Model 1

− 2.18 (− 4.11; − 0.25)

0.03*

− 4.57 (− 11.21; 2.07)

0.18

− 3.72 (− 9.12; 1.68)

0.18

 

Model 2

− 1.68 (− 3.92; 0.57)

0.14

− 3.83 (− 11.37; 3.72)

0.32

− 3.11 (− 9.25; 3.02)

0.32

 

Model 3

− 2.01 (− 3.96; − 0.05)

0.05*

− 4.12 (− 10.96; 2.72)

0.24

− 3.35 (− 8.91; 2.22)

0.24

Macular RNFL

Model 1

− 3.30 (− 7.80; 1.21)

0.15

− 10.60 (− 25.59; 4.39)

0.17

− 8.62 (− 20.81; 3.57)

0.17

 

Model 2

− 3.82 (− 9.11; 1.47)

0.16

− 12.99 (− 30.35; 4.37)

0.14

− 10.57 (− 24.68; 3.55)

0.14

 

Model 3

− 3.41 (− 7.96; 1.14)

0.14

− 12.19 (− 27.52; 3.15)

0.12

− 9.91 (− 22.38; 2.56)

0.12

Macular GCL + 

Model 1

− 1.85 (− 4.51; 0.81)

0.17

− 5.49 (− 14.34; 3.37)

0.23

− 4.46 (− 11.66; 2.74)

0.23

 

Model 2

− 2.25 (− 5.32; 0.82)

0.15

− 7.46 (− 17.55; 2.62)

0.15

− 6.07 (− 14.27; 2.13)

0.15

 

Model 3

− 1.79 (− 4.48; 0.90)

0.19

− 5.71 (− 14.77; 3.35)

0.22

− 4.65 (− 12.01; 2.72)

0.22

  1. Model 1: adjusted for age, body mass index, and follow-up time. Model 2: model 1 additionally adjusted for physical activity, energy intake, and smoking status. Model 3: model 1 additionally adjusted for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and total cholesterol. The analyses for total testosterone were additionally adjusted for sex hormone-binding globulin. *P-value < 0.05. OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, OAG open-angle glaucoma, IOP intraocular pressure, RNFL retinal nerve fiber layer, GCL + ganglion cell layer + inner plexiform layer